【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-14】

抓抓sandra

逻辑汇总贴：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-580862-1-1.html
阅读姊妹篇：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_RC/thread-562296-1-1.html




#1 FEIFEI69


History textbooks frequently need to be revised. The reasons for this are clear: new discoveries of documents and remains, the discovery of mistaken inferences in prior histories, the discovery of previously unnoticed relationships among data, and the application of hitherto undiscovered principles of natural science all may indicate inadequacies in current history texts. Any of these considerations may require that the past be reinterpreted in a manner that is new and more illuminating.


Which one of the following can be inferred from the argument in the passage?


OA:A.    The interpretation of historical events is affected by natural science.




#2 FEIFEI71
71. More than a year ago, the city announced that police would crack down on illegally parked cars and that resources would be diverted from writing speeding tickets to ticketing illegally parked cars. But no crackdown has taken place. The police chief claims that resources have had to be diverted from writing speeding tickets to combating the city’s staggering drug problem. Yet the police are still writing as many speeding tickets as ever. Therefore, the excuse about resources being tied up in fighting drug-related crime simply is not true.


The conclusion in the passage depends on the assumption that
OA:E.    the police cannot continue writing as many speeding tickets as ever while diverting resources to combating drug-related crime


#3 FEIFEI72
72. A gas tax of one cent per gallon would raise one billion dollars per year at current consumption rates. Since a tax of fifty cents per gallon would therefore raise fifty billion dollars per year, it seems a perfect way to deal with the federal budget deficit. This tax would have the additional advantage that the resulting drop in the demand for gasoline would be ecologically sound and would keep our county from being too dependent on foreign oil producers.


Which one of the following most clearly identifies an error in the author’s reasoning?
OA:C.    The author makes incompatible assumptions.




#4 FEIFEI73
73. There is no reason why the work of scientists has to be officially confirmed before being published. There is a system in place for the confirmation or disconfirmation of scientific findings, namely, the replication of results by other scientists. Poor scientific work on the part of any one scientists, which can include anything from careless reporting practices to fraud, is not harmful. It will be exposed and rendered harmless when other scientists conduct experiments and obtain disconfirmatory results.


Which one of the following, if true, would weaken the argument?
A.    Scientific experiments can go unchallenged for many years before they are replicated.
OA:




#5 AA66（黄金80之一，这个数字好，嘿嘿）
66. The following appeared in an article in a travel magazine.
“After the airline industry began requiring airlines to report their on-time rates, Speedee Airlines achieved the number one on-time rate, with over 89 percent of its flights arriving on time each month. And now Speedee is offering more flights to more destinations than ever before. Clearly, Speedee is the best choice for today’s business traveler.”

Monica2020

1. 0:25
information 1:History textbooks frequently need to be revised.
information 2:new discoveries ... and the application of hitherto undiscovered principles of natural science all may indicate inadequacies in current history texts.
information 3:... require that the past be reinterpreted in a manner that is new and more illuminating.
infer: i think the answer may be about the necessity? but it cannot have something to rufute the history book

2.0:42
premise:the police are still writing as many speeding tickets as ever.
conclusion: the excuse about resources being tied up in fighting drug-related crime simply is not true.
assumption: there is no other resources being added into the police or other aspects have not changed

3.0:44
premise:.... a tax of fifty cents per gallon would therefore raise fifty billion dollars per year
conclusion:the resulting drop in the demand for gasoline would be ecologically sound and would keep our county from being too dependent on foreign oil producers.
flaw: i can't figure this out ( 太难想了，哭.....

4.0:45
premise:poor scientific work... will be exposed and rendered harmless when other scientists conduct experiments and obtain disconfirmatory results.
conclusion:There is no reason why the work of scientists has to be officially confirmed before being published.
weaken: some scientists who correct the work may copy some text or change some context....( whatever, i think it is about other reasons

看完答案发现第2题答案很不错：the police cannot continue writing as many speeding tickets as ever while diverting resources to combating drug-related crime

jenniferlyy125

1 39’
P: because new discoveries, mistaken inferences previously, discover of unnoticed, …may all indicate inadequacies in current history texts
C: history books need to frequently be revised. Reinterpretation in a manner is new and more illuminating.
Inference: the revised history books can inspire people to reinterpret in new and illuminating manner

2. 47’
P：announce that police can divert from writing ticket to crack down the illegal cars
P: however, no crack down has performed. The police claimed that efforts are diverted from writing tickets to combating the drug problem.
P: however, the tickets written are as many as before.
C: therefore no efforts were diverted to combat drugs.
【因果】桥梁。If as many as tickets were written, it is an indication of no resources were put in drug crime. If efforts were diverted to drug, the tickets written must be less.

3. P：tax of one cent can raise one billion
C: tax of fifty cent can raise fifty billion
C: deal with budget deficit
C: drop in gasoline will be good to nature, and dependence on foreign oil will reduce
therefore得出结论，两个不可比的例子。Tax of one percent gallon ---raise one billion dollars per year, 得不出tax of fifty cents per gallon---raise fifty billion dollars。 因为其他因素不可知，不能推测连个可比。

4. Which one of the following, if true, would weaken the argument?
P: a system in place of confirmation of scientific findings/replication of results by other are needed before publication
P: poor scientific work on part of anyone is not harmful
C: others conduct experiments and obtain disconfirmatory results are harmless
需要确认没有replicate才可以publish，但是careless frauds, experiments and discomfort results are harmless，所以没事，不算replication, so no harm.
削弱。直接削弱结论，careless frauds and discomfort results are essentially harmful---replicated

大三准备留学

Yvette19 发表于 2013-8-19 04:07
1. 45s
Argument：历史教科书应该经常修订。
Premise: 好多因素比如有新的发现啦，有新的出土啦，或者利用 ...

真棒 写了这么多！！！！

m1nt

1.30’
Premise: new things that cast doubt on previous findings
Conclusion: Historical books need frequently be revised
Inference:

2. 36’
Premise: The police still fine as much speeding cars as usual
Conclusion: Tied up in fighting drug-related crime is not true
Assumption: The police can not ticket as much as usual if they combine drug prob
3. 32’
Premise: Gas tax gather income
Conclusion: gas tax is a perfect way to deal with the federal budget deficit. Also drop demand gasoline and keep from being too dependent on foreign oil producers.
Weaken:

4. 50’ 超时
Premise: Fraud research results will be exposed and rendered harmless when other scientists conduct experiments and obtain disconfirmatory results.
Conclusion: No reason to confirm the work of scientific research
Weaken:  maybe there will be no experiment to conduct and obtain disconfirmatory results

5.18’
Premise: SA number one on-time rate, will offer more destinations
Conclusion: SA is the best choice for business traveler.”
Weaken: 1 Business traveler care more than on time, if SA offers many destinations they often fly, if the airport is convenient to get, if service is good
2 on time doesn’t mean save time, maybe SA fly slower than other airline
3 didn’t tell which destinations SA will offer

Yvette19

1. 45s
Argument：历史教科书应该经常修订。
Premise: 好多因素比如有新的发现啦，有新的出土啦，或者利用新方法发现原来的东西其实这样的啦，或者经过长期研究发现原来他俩是这个关系不是那个关系呀~
Argument: 所有这些因素都能成为历史研究不断更新的原因哟~

Inference：所以十年前的历史教科书和今天的历史教科书有出入是很正常的事。
啊好吧~我忽略了natural science!

2.  BG：一年前，警察说要取缔违章停车，惩罚力度加大，重心由贴超速罚单转变成贴违章停车罚单。
结果其实这个取缔也只是说说而已。
警察为自己辩解说我们原本用于贴超速罚单的财力用于惩治严重的毒品问题去了。因为没法再集中取缔违法停车。
Premise： 但是，他们其实还是贴了很多超速罚单的。
Conclusion：所以他们只是找借口。

Assumption：他们的total resources是limited，顾及一边就顾及不到另一方面了。

3. 又超时了。。
Premise：如果油税每加仑征一美分，那么照目前的消费量来看的话，能有1 billion的收入，那么收50美分就是，50billion的收入了！
Conclusion：这是一个解决国家财政赤字的好方法。而且征油税能抑制油的消费，是有利生态健康的；还能让我们国家不过度依赖国外的油商。

Error：如果本国油的消费税太高，那么自然消费者就会实用进口油啦！

4.
Argument：没有理由要求所有的科学研究结果都得先官方证实之后才能发表。
Reason：即使是一个很烂的科研结果，出现的小纰漏或者是试验方法的问题，最终会被其他科学家的科研结果证实替代的。

Weaken：发表出来的科研成果是被大众普遍相信的。如果不严谨就会mislead大家。

5. 45s
自从航空业要求航空公司报道准点率以来，Speedee航空公司（好SB的名字>.<）一直排在准点率的第一位。而且它们现在又在增加航线和目的地。所以Speedee是商务人士出差的首选。

Flaw: 增加航线是否会导致准点率下降这个很难说。
还有，难道坐飞机的只有出差的人需要准点？
还有一个好的航空公司，准点率是一个方面，还有service啊硬件啊等等都应该在考虑范围之内。
它是不是始终No.1还值得商榷，这个文章搞不好就是Speedee飞机座椅背后给乘客的广告杂志呢~

flonacui

1
P New things would be found, and new relationship should be revised.
C The history textbooks should be frequently revised in order to be more updated.
2 44s
P The police diverted their power from writing speeding tickets to combating the drug problem.
P The tickets being wrote are the same as before.
C The police did not really solve the drug problem.
assumption: The police's time and speed in writing one ticket is the same as before.
3 60s
P raise the tax to fifty cents one gallon.
C this would deal with the government deficit, and people would be aware of using less gasoline to protect the environment.
error: People will agree with the fifty cents one gallon and pay them.
4 不太懂==
P
C There is no need to confirm scientists' work before publication
AA
>the on time and the repoert has not direct relationship, may be there are other reasons.
>more flights do not mean the better choice for busness travelers. Maybe the flights always delay, this is not a good thing for business travalers.
>89 percent from what kind of source? wrong number.

Cybill

1. 2'
C: History textbook need be revised.
P: data is maybe mistake and inadequacy.
2. 我去~终于明白了，我绝对是傻
C: the claim that the 警力去fight drug related is not true.
P: the police are writing the speeding
policy是管超速的警察去管违法停车了，但是并没有crackdown，so政府声明因为管超速的警察去管drug问题了。但是管超速的警察【罚单】没有减少，所以说他们去管drug问题的借口是不成立的。

Cybill

1. 36.5'
C: history textbook need to be revised.
P: the content has mistake and inadequacy.
2. 没看懂啊，说啥呢。。
3. 33‘
C: tax of fifty cents will decrease oil demand from other country.
P: one cent per gallon == fifty cents per gallon
这答案真奇葩
4. 不懂
C: there is no reason why work should be confirmed before published
P: careless report is not harmful.

1没说以前的on time 率
2. 就算提升了也不一定是 Speedee 的功劳
3. 飞行员根本不会用

MiaZhang

答案好混乱。。。