【每日逻辑链练习贴】【逻辑1-9】

抓抓sandra

逻辑汇总贴：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-580862-1-1.html
阅读姊妹篇：http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_RC/thread-562296-1-1.html

#1 FEIFEI 91
91. Leachate is a solution, frequently highly contaminated, that develops when water permeates a landifill’s site. If and only if the landfill’s capacity to hold liquids is exceeded does the leachate escape into the environment, generally in unpredictable quantities. A method must be found for disposing of leach ate. Most landfill leachate is sent directly to sewage treatment plants, but not all sewage plants are capable of handling the highly contaminated water.


Which one of the following can be inferred from the passage?
E.    If leachate does not escape from a landfill into the environment, then the landfill’s capacity to hold liquids has not been exceeded.




#2 FEIFEI 92
92. Baking for winter holidays is a tradition that may have a sound medical basis. In midwinter, when days are short, many people suffer from a specific type of seasonal depression caused by lack of sunlight. Carbohydrates, both sugars and starches, boost the brain’s levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that improves the mood. In this respect, carbohydrates act on the brain in the same way as some antidepressants. Thus, eating holiday cookies may provide an effective form of self-prescribed medication.


Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the passage?
D.    Some antidepressants act by changing the brain’s level of serotonin.




#3 FEIFEI 93
93. The efficiency of microwave ovens in destroying the harmful bacteria frequently found in common foods is diminished by the presence of salt in the food being cooked. When heated in a microwave oven, the interior of unsalted food reaches temperatures high enough to kill bacteria that cause food poisoning, but the interior of salted food does not. Scientists theorize that salt effectively blocks the microwaves from heating the interior.


Which one of the following conclusions is most supported by the information above?
D.    The danger of food poisoning can be lessened if salt is not used to prepare foods that are to be cooked in a microwave oven.


#4 FEIFEI 95
95. Scientific research that involves international collaboration has produced papers of greater influence, as measured by the number of times a paper is cited in subsequent papers, than has research without any collaboration. Papers that result from international collaboration are cited an average of seven times, whereas papers with single authors are cited only three times on average. This difference shows that research projects conducted by international research teams are of greater importance than those conducted by single researchers.


Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
C.    The number of citations a paper receives is a measure of the importance of the research it reports.


#5 AA60 有点长。。
60. The following appeared as part of a recommendation by one of the directors of the Beta Company.
“The Alpha Company has just reduced its workforce by laying off fifteen percent of its employees in all divisions and at all levels, and it is encouraging early retirement for other employees. As you know, the Beta Company manufactures some products similar to Alpha’s, but our profits have fallen over the last few years. To improve Beta’s competitive position, we should try to hire a significant number of Alpha’s former workers, since these experienced workers can provide valuable information about Alpha’s successful methods, will require little training, and will be particularly motivated to compete against Alpha.”

进击的智人阿飞

1.
48 s
premise：landfill 被水填满后会放出污染的LK +LK 能被用来给植物施肥+植物对污染的LK的承受能力有限   
conclusion: 需要一个专门的地方来盛放 LK
infer： 当流入landfill的水太多时，需要一个专门的地方来承受LK，如果没有，植物会死

2.
41s
premise: 冬天日子短，人容易抑郁+碳水化合物能促进S递质的生成，抗抑郁    conclusion: 冬天应该做面包和饼干
infer：面包和饼干被服用后能转化成促进递质生成的碳水化合物； 吃饼干和面包能抗抑郁

3.
1min 6s
premise: 微波炉高温可杀菌+无盐的食物能被加到高温+有盐的不能加到适当的高温   conclusion: 有盐的食物阻止了微波炉杀菌的作用
strenghten: 前提不导致结论的情况不存在： 微波本身不能杀死细菌； 前提一定导致结论：不到一定的高温，细菌不会受丝毫影响。

4.
47s
premise: 被引用次数决定国际影响力+有国际合作的paper被引用次数多+无国际合作的paper被引用次数少  conclusio: 由国际合作的paper影响力更大
assumption： 因果。引用次数少不是因为国际影响力而是因为引用限制少？

5.
44s
premise: A公司裁员很多＋鼓励提前退休＋B公司和A公司生产一样的产品＋B公司利润降低　　　　conclusion:B公司应该雇佣被A裁掉的员工，因为那些员工知道关于Adam技术
weaken： 那些被裁掉的是技术不足的员工，去 B也会拖后腿
weakｅｎ：A裁员和B利润下降，都是本产业没落的讯号，就算雇到了A的员工，也不能改变这个事实

kaniris

学习了，谢谢！

liyao604

Day nine
#1 FEIFEI 91
91. Leachate is a solution, frequently highly contaminated, that develops when water permeates a landifill’s site. If and only if the landfill’s capacity to hold liquids is exceeded does the leachate escape into the environment, generally in unpredictable quantities. A method must be found for disposing of leachate. Most landfill leachate is sent directly to sewage treatment plants, but not all sewage plants are capable of handling the highly contaminated water.


Which one of the following can be inferred from the passage?

55’第一遍还没看懂是什么意思
P：L是一种高污染的水，发生在当污水穿过landfill
P：当landfill hold liquid的能力超过L流出去的能力时，（错误，当hold liquid的能力饱和时“这点非常非常非常的重要这句话一定要看懂！！”，L才会流到环境中去，以让人意想不到的量）
P：需要有method处理L
P：一般的L是被送去污水处理厂
P：但是一般（并不是所有的污水处理厂都能处理这么高污染的水）的污水处理处理不了像L这么高污染的水

E.
#2 FEIFEI 92
92. Baking for winter holidays is a tradition that may have a sound medical basis. In midwinter, when days are short, many people suffer from a specific type of seasonal depression caused by lack of sunlight. Carbohydrates, both sugars and starches, boost the brain’s levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that improves the mood. In this respect, carbohydrates act on the brain in the same way as some antidepressants. Thus, eating holiday cookies may provide an effective form of self-prescribed medication.

53’
P：Bake（烘焙）是冬天的传统
P：但是mid-winter的时候，人会因为见不到阳光而抑郁
P：C（包含糖还有一个是什么不认识，估计是bake里面的成分把）可以使人们阳光（通过boost S——一种神经传导可以使人阳光），在这种情况下，就像anti-depression的药一样
C：所以午后饼干function=一些mental处方药

Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the passage?
D.    Some antidepressants act by changing the brain’s level of serotonin.

#3 FEIFEI 93
93. The efficiency of microwave ovens in destroying the harmful bacteria frequently found in common foods is diminished by the presence of salt in the food being cooked. When heated in a microwave oven, the interior of unsalted food reaches temperatures high enough to kill bacteria that cause food poisoning, but the interior of salted food does not. Scientists theorize that salt effectively blocks the microwaves from heating the interior.
35’
P：微波炉的杀菌效果因为食物中盐的出现而减弱
P：当用微波炉加热的时候，没有抹盐的地方reach a heat（错误，然杀死那些会让事物变坏的细菌）然后变坏，而抹了盐的地方不会
C：盐通过防止加热来减弱作用？？？忘了

Which one of the following conclusions is most supported by the information above?
D.    The danger of food poisoning can be lessened if salt is not used to prepare foods that are to b
#4 FEIFEI 95
95. Scientific research that involves international collaboration has produced papers of greater influence, as measured by the number of times a paper is cited in subsequent papers, than has research without any collaboration. Papers that result from international collaboration are cited an average of seven times, whereas papers with single authors are cited only three times on average. This difference shows that research projects conducted by international research teams are of greater importance than those conducted by single researchers.

59’
P：由国际合作完成的论文更有影响力，因为他们经常被引用到后面的文章中
P：有国际合作的文章平均被引用7次，而个人完成的平均只有3次
C:国际合作完成的文章比个人完成的好（更重要）

Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
C
#5 AA60 有点长。。
60. The following appeared as part of a recommendation by one of the directors of the Beta Company.
“The Alpha Company has just reduced its workforce by laying off fifteen percent of its employees in all divisions and at all levels, and it is encouraging early retirement for other employees. As you know, the Beta Company manufactures some products similar to Alpha’s, but our profits have fallen over the last few years. To improve Beta’s competitive position, we should try to hire a significant number of Alpha’s former workers, since these experienced workers can provide valuable information about Alpha’s successful methods, will require little training, and will be particularly motivated to compete against Alpha.”

45’
A公司会在不同部门不同level进行大范围的裁员→encourage 别的A公司员工提早退休
B公司和A公司的经营模式（只是生产的some products）相似，而且B公司近几年的盈利下降了，所以我们要雇佣A公司以前的员工，那样我们不仅能够省去培训费和时间，而且也更有动力和A公司竞争。（漏掉了原因：有经验，可以提供A公司成功的方法）

jenniferlyy125

1. P: only when the landfill’s capacity to hold liquids is exceeded, leachate escape into the environment, leachate should be disposed.
P: most L sents to sewage plants, while some plants cannot handle L.
【逻辑链】when L is more than the lanfill’s capacity---flow into the environment----so L should be sent to sewage plants
逻辑链归纳，当L多余垃圾堆可以承受的量的时候，会流出去，所以需要处理，引入到污水处理厂。
题目出现if and only if 明显的条件提示，所以这里的gap就是，有且仅有…的时候, L才会…

2. 49’
P: in winter, because of lack of sunlight, depression is common
P: carbohydrates, which contain sugar and can bring happiness to human, so it is an anti-depression medicine
infer: Carbo—sugar---boost brain serotonin---improve mood---anti-depression, so cookie---medicine

3. 37’
P: when salt appear, efficiency of micro oven destroy bacteria diminished
P: interior temperature of unsalt food is high to kill bacteria, while temp of salt food not
C: salt block the heating of interior food
assum: Salt---block heating---temp not high—not kill bacteria---food poisoning

4. 43’
P: the papers of international cooperation are cited 7 times, and individual papers are cited 3 times
C: papers with international cooperation are of great importance
Assume: the no. of times papers were cited represent the importance of the papers.

m1nt

1. 40’
Premise: Leachate is a solution, frequently highly contaminated, that develops when water permeates a landifill’s site. If and only if the landfill’s capacity to hold liquids is exceeded does the leachate escape into the environment, generally in unpredictable quantities
Conclusion: A method must be found for disposing of leachate
Inference:

2. 35’
Premise: Winter- lack of sunlight- depression
       C, Sugar and starches boost serotonin, a neurotransmitter that improves the mood.
       C acts as antidepressants
Conclusion: eating holiday cookies may provide an effective form of self-prescribed medication.
Inference: Antidepressants 改变 serotonin

3. 35’
Premise: Heated in a microwave oven, the interior of unsalted food reaches temperatures high enough to kill bacteria that cause food poisoning, but the interior of salted food does not
Conclusion: Scientists theorize that salt effectively blocks the microwaves from heating the interior.
Inference:

4. 38’
Premise: International collaboration paper is cited more times
Conclusion: International research teams are of greater importance
Assumption: Cited more times means greater importance

5 25’
Premise: A is laying off employees and encouraging early retirement
       B has same production as A, profits have fallen
Conclusion: To improve Beta’s competitive position, we should try to hire a significant number of Alpha’s former workers
Weaken: 1 Hire more will cost more
       2 Former A employees are not the good employees
       3 Profits have fallen because of other reasons such as tax, materials

大三准备留学

Yvette19 发表于 2013-8-11 07:21
1. 放弃了 生词太多。。
2.45s
Argument: 在寒假baking是有医学依据的。

坚持就是胜利！

Yvette19

1. 放弃了 生词太多。。
2.45s
Argument: 在寒假baking是有医学依据的。
Premise 1: 冬天日照时间短，人容易抑郁。
Premise 2:：碳水化合物能够给人体带来某种物质，起到抗抑郁的作用。
Conclusion: 因此冬天吃点小饼干有类似自我疗法的作用。

Inference: 有冬天baking习惯人总是比不吃饼干的人心情好~
我这跟答案比简直太通俗了。。。囧

3. 微波炉在加热食物杀死细菌的效率 会受食物中盐含量的影响。
如果食物不含盐，则由内部加热功效低；如果食物含盐，则反之，杀菌效果不好。
Conclusion: 科学家于是下结论，盐会妨碍微波炉由内而外加热食物的效率。

4. Argument：国际合作的科学研究报告相比单一国家的研究更有影响。
Premise：国际合作的研究论文被应用次数为7，与此同时，仅在本国范围内的科研被引用次数为3.
Conclusion：国际合作的科研比单一国家的科研更有影响力。

Assumption：科研论文被引用次数直接代表了其影响力。

5. ß公司的director说
A公司去年整体裁员了15%，并鼓励员工提前退休。咱们公司现在业绩不太行，但是如果咱们能把被A公司开除的员工招募过来，这样能提高咱们的竞争力，而且他们一定会不遗余力为我们服务与A公司竞争的。

xiqiong

1.L多了，一般是有plant吸收，但是plant难吸收完这么多污染的水。
Infer: 文中的某一句话的改写！
       做infer题的时候，一定要记住把选项都看完才行！
2.baking在冬天有助于缓解depressing.
infer：bingo!

3.盐腌过的肉阻碍Micro杀死病菌。
因为：温度↓

infer:Bingo!注意时态的问题哈！

4.国际上的引用比个人高，所以国际上的更重要。
assumption:就是沟通重要与引用的关系的。
猜测答案：引用代表着重要性   bingo!

5.A公司开除了15%员工，鼓励早退休。
B公司产品和A相似，但利润少。
所以，雇佣A公司原来的员工---->他们经验足，A成功方法。

反驳：
1）A被开除的原因。也许就是经验不足呢。---->即，开除的不具备代表性
2）A员工不一定知道成功的原因。机密事件呢。
3）就算知道了，都是对的，那也不一定能激励B。因为公司差别，什么企业文化
难很快的改变啊什么其他的差别使得计划实施困难。

flonacui

1
P L is a highly contaminated solution.
p when water passed the landfill and exceeded the capacity of the landfill.
P The L escaped in the environment in a unknown quantity.
P something must be done to dispose L, and now L is sent directly to the sewage system, but not all sewage are capable of handling that.

2 50s
P people are depressed when they lack sunlight in the midwinter.
P carbohydrate act like the antidepressants.
C eating holiday cookies is an effective self-prescribed medicine.

3 45s
Info microwave is useful in killing bacteria in food, but this effect has been reduced in the food which contain salt.
P When heated in a macrowave oven, 没有盐的食物能迅速加热杀掉细菌 但是有盐食物的interior却不能被加热
C the salt block the microwaves from heating the interior.
发现还是英文表达顺畅的多。。。

4 55s
Info 当论文是international collaboration的时候 influence会很大 因为paper被引用次数比single researcher研究的引用次数要多
P international collaboration: 6 times single:3times
C international collaboration的paper more important
GAP型

5
a These old workers may be suitable for B, because B and A have totally different coorperation culture.
b although some products of B are the same as the A's, it could be the products that different from B that determine the A's profits
c It could be the reuction of workforce that results in the failure of B
d Recruiting new workers would cost lots of money too, and the company did not consider the cost and profit balance.
e There could be some other good ways to improve the profits instead of recruiting old workers fromB.