GWD20-Q17~迷惑啊~

evelyn205205

Of patients over 65 years old who survived coronary bypass surgery—a procedure widely prescribed for people with heart disease—only 75 percent benefited from the surgery.Thus it appears that for one in four such patients, the doctors who advised them to undergo this surgery, with its attendant risks and expense, were more interested in an opportunity to practice their skills and in their fee than in helping the patient.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?

A. Many of the patients who receive coronary bypass surgery are less than 55 years old.

B. Possible benefits of coronary bypass surgery include both relief from troubling symptoms and prolongation of life.

C. Most of the patients in the survey decided to undergo coronary bypass surgery because they were advised that the surgery would reduce their risk of future heart attacks.

D. The patients over 65 years old who did not benefit from the coronary bypass surgery were as fully informed as those who did benefit from the surgery as to the risks of the surgery prior to undergoing it.

E. The patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery but who did not benefit from it were medically indistinguishable, prior to their surgery, from the patients who did benefit.

答案是E。不理解E和题目的结论有什么关系么？
结论是作者认为现在的外科医生更加重视锻炼自己的手术技能，和收取手术费，而不是真正关心病人的健康。
我选的是C，因为这些医生认为现在不做这个手术的话，以后会有风险，是为病人考虑的啊。
这样的推理不对么？

z53495532

这道题我还是觉得要去句意来理解，D选项确实很有迷惑性，我当时做的时候选项一路扫下来觉得E最完美，没有深究D，不然的话可能也会纠结一下。
事后我想了一下，要看题目怎么说的, the doctors who advised them to undergo this surgery, with its attendant risks and expense, were more interested in an opportunity to practice their skills and in their fee than in helping the patient.  注意这个医生后面是有限定定从修饰的，也就是说，是那些 建议那四分之一的病人去做手术的医生是为了私利。 也就是说，前提已经是这个医生建议了病人去做手术。 而D选项，仅仅是说所有的病人在术前被通知了风险，这对结论造不成削弱。就举个例子吧，一些人说 整容医生帮病人整容是为了钱，而不是为病人考虑。结果另一个人反驳说，那些整容医生建议做手术的病人术前都被通知了风险。这里问题就出来了，既然你知道手术风险很大，你还推荐别人去做，一方面我可以说你确实是为病人着想，认为利大于弊。另一方面我仍然可以认为你是为了赚病人的钱才建议病人做手术的。
其实这样说扯的有点远，最简单的是直接看结论可以发现原文有一个假设前提，即医生能够区分那百分之75和百分之25【不能区分的话，结论所宣传的内容从何谈起呢】，而E选项直接攻击了这个假设前提，如果说假设是前提与结论之间的桥梁的话，E选项直接把这桥梁给拆了，完美削弱

血翼蝙蝠拉么

C. Most of the patients in the survey decided to undergo coronary bypass surgery because they were advised that the surgery would reduce their risk of future heart attacks.
大部分病人决定动手术是因为得到这样的建议：手术会减少他们将来犯心脏病的风险。
这个提建议的人可能是医生，而他提建议的动机却未知，他提的建议正不正确也不知道。如果是故意欺骗病人的话，那反而是强化了题目的结论。
个人见解。

pennyrun

嘿嘿 发你短消息啦

evelyn205205

搜索错题的时候总是能看到你问的题~看来咱俩进度和情况都差不多 嘿嘿

-- by 会员 pennyrun (2011/8/4 15:58:33)

哦？你什么时候考内？
PS：你的头像很震撼啊。。。

pennyrun

搜索错题的时候总是能看到你问的题~看来咱俩进度和情况都差不多 嘿嘿

evelyn205205

如果是随机事件，那么就能拍出医生的道德风险。而E就是这么说的

-- by 会员 hanshipeng (2011/8/4 12:45:35)

IC。THX~

evelyn205205

明白了，是我想得太多。

evelyn205205

这题中间有一个限定for one in four such patients，后面的全部都是对限定里的病人说的，也就是说题目的意思是“医生对每4个中的1一个病人是存在私心的，是想要通过他们练习技术的”。而这需要一个前提就是医生可以从这4个人当中分辨出那1个特殊的人。因此文章若果想undermine 结论的话必须要否定这个前提，即所有病人都是 medically indistinguishable， prior to their surgery。
C选项存在过度推理问题，没有任何证据说明“提前告知”等价与“医生有道德”，这样的选项容易迷惑人

-- by 会员 nkzhengduo (2011/8/3 16:03:15)

你解释得很清楚，讲出了本题的重点，恍然大悟啊~
Many thx~

shadalex

[/quote]

But the failure of surgery is sometimes unpredictable. However,

-- by 会员 evelyn205205 (2011/8/3 20:07:20)

[/quote]
我只能说 楼主你自己脑补得太多了。这些病人只是被建议来做手术，你是如何如何推测the doctors are doing their best to make their patients healthier.而不是出于其他目的呢。