问两道逻辑题

cloudsclover

1 The following proposal to amend the bylaws of an organization was circulated to its members for comment.
  When more than one nominee is to be named for an office, prospective nominees must consent to nomination and before  giving such consent must be told who the other nominees will be.

正确答案： If there is more than one prospective nominee, the proposal would make it impossible for anyone to become a nominee.



2 One state adds a 7 percent sales tax to the price of most products purchased within its jurisdiction. This tax, therefore, if viewed as tax on income, has the reverse effect of the federal income tax: the lower the income, the higher the annual percentage rate at which the income is taxed.

  The conclusion above would be properly drawn if which of the following were assumed as a premise?

正确答案： The amoune of money citizens spend on products subject to the state tax tends to be equal across income levels.



新人，不知道这两个问题以前有没有人问过……

cloudsclover

哦~~~明白了！！！谢谢！！

cloudsclover

啊！！！懂了！！！是我自己没把题目搞明白！！！非常感谢~！！

sdcar2010

First question about the bylaws.

The reason is simple.  Who would give the FIRST consent to the normination?  Nobody! The reason is that before the first norminee gives his consent to be norminated, he must be told who the other norminees will be.  But there is no way anyone can say for sure who would be giving their consent to the normination before hand. In addition, no one has committed yet since this candidate is supposed to be the first to give consent!

The same logic goes for other candidates as well.  No one can give their consent since no one can predict who would be among the final candidates.  Even God does not know that!

salle66

建议楼主仔细读一下这句：This tax, therefore, if viewed as tax on income, has the reverse effect of the federal income tax: the lower the income, the higher the annual percentage rate at which the income is taxed.
这里的This tax指的是前面提到的上升了7%的sale tax，因为sale tax是基于商品的price来征收的，所以可以看成是固定的。但对于income低的人来说，这部分上涨的费用在其income里所占比例就比较高，也就是the lower the income, the higher the annual percentage rate at which the income is taxed。这句是指的the reverse effect of the federal income tax，而不是income tax，因为对于后者来说，income越低的人，纳税的比率就越低（譬如月薪1000的要缴10%的税，但月薪2000的要缴15%的税）

不知道这么说你能不能明白。。。

cloudsclover

第一题我也没明白他问的是什么……第二题的后半句不是说 收入越低，缴税的税率越高么？？就是赚的越少缴的越多？？……这种句子我有点来不了，常常搞错意思……

salle66

第一题没明白楼主问的是什么。。。

第二题：题目是说某个州将销售税提高了7%（即消费者买同一件产品需要多付7%的费用，即人们的income越低，销售税的上涨对人们购买力的影响就越大）。相反，征收income tax，也就是个人所得税时，美国采取的政策是：收入越低，缴的税越少，即税费对收入低的人影响不大。两者对比，即是所谓的“reverse effect”

此推论是有前提的：因为federal income tax是对不同income levels的人进行规定的，或者说能够影响所有income levels的人。所以如果想拿销售税和income tax相比较，则这些不同income levels的人受销售税提升的影响应该也是大致相同的，即销售税也能影响所有人。否则就无法比较了，也就不会有所谓的reverse effect了。