求高人解答verbal review第二版逻辑第78题

andttrip

题目是这样的。

The figure in portraits by the Spanish painter El Greco (1541-1614) are systematically elongated. In El Greco's tie, the intentional distortion of human figures was unprecedented in European painting. Consequently, some critics have suggested that El Greco had an astigmatism, a type of visual impairment, that resulted in people appearing to him in the distorted way that is characteristic of his paintings. However, this suggestion cannot be the explanation, because_______.

(A) several twentieth-century artists have consciously adopted from El Greco's paintings the systematic elongation of the human form

(B) some people do have elongated bodies somewhat like those depicted in El Greco's portraits

(C) if El Greco had an astigmatism, then, relative to how people looked to him, the elongated figures in his paintings would have appeared to him to be distorted

(D) even if El Greco had an astigmatism, there would have been no correction for it available in the period in which he lived

(E) there were non-European artists, even in El Greco's time, who included in their works human figures that were intentionally distorted

答案是C。实在是看不懂书后答案的解释。望高人指点。

RichardVeritas

The figure in portraits by the Spanish painter El Greco (1541-1614) are systematically elongated. In El Greco's tie, the intentional distortion of human figures was unprecedented in European painting. Consequently, some critics have suggested that El Greco had an astigmatism, a type of visual impairment, that resulted in people appearing to him in the distorted way that is characteristic of his paintings. However, this suggestion cannot be the explanation, because_______.


(C) if El Greco had an astigmatism, then, relative to how people looked to him, the elongated figures in his paintings would have appeared to him to be distorted

这个题是够绕的，读了几遍才绕明白。

line of argument：
E画的人老是加长，怀疑是E眼睛有毛病（把人看长）。问题是反驳，说这不可能。

即使没想明白，从要达到反驳说这不可能的逻辑角度，只有C的逻辑关系可能完全反驳。

那这是我理解C怎么反驳的：
不可能。如果E眼睛真有毛病（把人/事物看长），画上的人物（对我们已经加长的）应该在他眼里显得更长。举例，一个人1.8米，E眼睛有问题，他觉得人1.9米。但他画的人应该还是1.8米，这样画出来的人在他眼里是一样的1.9米。如果他画1.9米的人，画中人在他眼里就高过1.9米了。
简单地想，如果他的眼睛有问题，对他的眼睛来说，真人和他画出来的人，有同样的误差，所以画出来的人和真人应该还是同样高。

OG解释是难读些，但也是这个意思

OG says in reasoning: if astigmatism were the explanation, then the elongated images in his pic should have appeared to EG to be too long: he would have perceived the images as longer than they actually are - and therefore as inaccurate representations of what he perceived.
说的就是如果他把1.8米的人画1.9米，画中人在他眼里就高过1.9米了, 就超出了他认知的人的高度（实际1.8米，认知1.9米）。

OG says in choice C: EG would have perceived the images of people in his paintings as too long, relative to his perception of the people themselves.
同样是说，如果因为眼睛病，他把人画长了，那画中的人在他眼里会比他认知的人高度更长


This means that even if EG did have astigmatism, that factor would not provide an answer to the Q: why did EG paint images that he knew were distorted?
如果这样假设, 在他眼里画中的人比他大脑认知的人高度更长，那这个画法对他来说就是distorted, 那问题还是不能解释他为什么要画distorted.


实际反驳就是，因为即使眼睛有病，他的眼睛看真人和他画出来的人，会有同样的误差，这样不会改变他画人distorted的情况，（对我们眼睛distorted, 对他的眼睛也还是distorted,只不过真人和画的人相比我们眼睛都同样加长），所以这个论据是无效的。哈哈！

Ajorz

Bradz 发表于 2016-10-29 12:59
这道题我还是不懂。

看了之前的解释，和ron的解释，我理解他们的推断。但是，这些推断都有一个assumption ...

哥们，人和事物有啥区别呢，从成相原理来说都是对光的反射。是人还是事物在成像这个角度是没有区别的。人就是一个被观察的物。

Bradz

这道题我还是不懂。

看了之前的解释，和ron的解释，我理解他们的推断。但是，这些推断都有一个assumption就是，得了这个病，看人变形，看事物也变形，所以才有了如果他的画的确是变形了，那他看自己的画会觉得和真人比例不对

但是题目中对这种病的解释，是病人看人变形，但是没有说看事物也变形。如果能assume看事物也变形，我是不是也可以assume看事物不变形呢？在看事物不变形的假设下，画家看自己的画（正确比例）和看画的真人（变形的比例），应该觉得是一样的。那么也就是说，这种病可以解释现象。

请指点！

kakadinho

这道题好Tricky，首先是题干： CANNOT BE EXPLANATION, because___________
说明需要的是很strong & logical的理由，才能说CANNOT BE。而B和E只是提到了另外的可能，充其量作用是让原观点 may not be explanation.

正确答案确实C，但个人认为OG这个题解释的很糟糕，OG tells：
EI Greco would have perceived the images of people in his paintings as too long,
relative to his perception of the people themselves. This means that even if El Greco did have
astigmatism, that factor would not provide an answer to the question: Why did El Greco paint
images that he knew were distorted? 翻译一下：就好比他看人一样，他看自己画里的人像也会拉长，这就是说，即使他有这个病，这个因素也无法解释这个问题：为什么他明知道扭曲的画也会去画？

这个解释糟糕在于：
1. 原文并没有说画家不能画自己明知道扭曲的画；
2. 其实如果El有病，在El 眼中，和任何别人眼中，他的画反而不会是扭曲的：
首先，原文提到systematically elongated, 假设放大倍数是1.2倍。假设他有病。
那一个1米的人，他会看成1.2米，但画出来肯定还是1米（因为他看人看画看什么都是放大，画成1米的，他就以为已经画成1.2米了，就和实际看那个人一样。相反，他不会画成1.2*1.2=1.44米，OG好像是这样想的，不过就像Ron说的，Official answer is always correct. however, official explanation is not.）所以，对El而言，如果他有那个眼病，他和其他所有人甚至都不知道这个事情，因为他画的就是原尺寸。但显然，critics批评了，显然别人觉得扭曲。与假设的推论矛盾。so假设错误，他没有病。
上述颜色部分，就是选项C在这个reasoning中的作用。

CFAlobster

假设题， 正确答案显示有因有果或无因无果

Impairment cause distortion,  

so if no impairment, then no distortion  (But you can't assume this, because whatever author said is true)

OR

if there is impairment, then there is distortion.

Correct me if I am wrong.

atlantis0724

Thanks a lot

sdcar2010

What #1 said and what I said are simply two different angles of the same argument.

The opposing opinion is: the elongated figures in the painting were results of the disease state EG, meaning the painter draw an elongated figure because that is what appears in his eyes due to the disease.

What I was saying was that if the painter had EG, when he draw a pict ureof a model through his diseased eyes, the picture of the model should still look normal to a normal person's eyes because "through the painter's eyes" both the model and the picture thereof are elongated to the same degree. To put it another way, the model was elongated to the same degree as the picture of the model in the painter's eyes.

The bottom line is: the elongated figure is ABNORMAL in the painter's eyes as well.

waiting1

“C should look more like A than like B because in the painter's eyes, the images of both A and C are the same! So figures in his painting would still appear normal (to normal people) even if the painter had that terrible disease. ” can't understand this part...

OG says in reasoning: if astigmatism were the explanation, then the elongated images in his pic should have appeared to EG to be too long: he would have perceived the images as longer than they actually are - and therefore as inaccurate representations of what he perceived.
OG says in choice C: EG would have perceived the images of people in his paintings as too long, relative to his perception of the people themselves. This means that even if EG did have astigmatism, that factor would not provide an answer to the Q: why did EG paint images that he knew were distorted?

我对og解释的理解是（如同#1说的）：假设有一真人=1米，EG看到这个真人时觉得是1.2米（由于A病）。然后EG作画。但当EG再看他的画时，又由于A病，EG会觉得他画里的人是1.4米，这个1.4米明显就和EG看到的1.2米矛盾，所以就形成了why did EG paint images that he knew were distorted?的质疑。
但NN说“C should look more like A than like B because in the painter's eyes, the images of both A and C are the same! ”，理解不能。。。need help. thanks a lot！

sun2046

good job, thanks.