大全 Test 19-6、10、15、16

guang722

Damaged nerves in the spinal cord do not regenerate themselves naturally, nor even under the spur of nerve-growth stimulants. The reason, recently discovered, is the presence of nerve-growth inhibitors in the spinal cord. Antibodies that deactivate those inhibitors have now been developed. Clearly, then, nerve repair will be a standard medical procedure in the foreseeable future.
Which of the following, if true, casts the most serious doubt on the accuracy of the prediction above?
(A) Prevention of the regeneration of damaged nerves is merely a by-product of the main function in the human body of the substances inhibiting nerve growth.
(B) Certain nerve-growth stimulants have similar chemical structures to those of the antibodies against nerve-growth inhibitors.
(C) Nerves in the brain are similar to nerves in the spinal cord in their inability to regenerate themselves naturally.
(D) Researchers have been able to stimulate the growth of nerves not located in the spinal cord by using only nerve-growth stimulants.
(E) Deactivating the substances inhibiting nerve growth for an extended period would require a steady supply of antibodies.

选A。不太明白。

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—a noninvasive diagnostic procedure—can be used to identify blockages in the coronary arteries. In contrast to angiograms—the invasive procedure customarily used—MRI’s pose no risk to patients. Thus, to guarantee patient safety in the attempt to diagnose arterial blockages, MRI’s should replace angiograms in all attempts at diagnosing coronary blockages.
Which of the following, if true, would most support the recommendation above?
(A) Angiograms can be used to diagnose conditions other than blockages in arteries.
(B) MRI’s were designed primarily in order to diagnose blockages in the coronary arteries.
(C) Angiograms reveal more information about the nature of a blockage than an MRI can.
(D) An MRI is just as likely as an angiogram to identify an arterial blockage.
(E) Some patients for whom an angiogram presents no risk are unwilling to undergo an MRI.

选D。我觉得选E。虽然E看起来逻辑不对，但是我觉得好像还是。

Over the last century, paleontologists have used small differences between fossil specimens to classify triceratops into sixteen species. This classification is unjustified, however, since the specimens used to distinguish eleven of the species come from animals that lived in the same area at the same time.
Which of the following, if true, would enable the conclusion of the argument to be properly drawn?
(A) Not every species that lived in a given area is preserved as a fossil.
(B) At least one individual of every true species of triceratops has been discovered as a fossil specimen.
(C) No geographical area ever supports more than three similar species at the same time.
(D) In many species, individuals display quite marked variation.
(E) Differences between fossil specimens of triceratops that came from the same area are no less distinctive than differences between specimens that came from different areas.

选C。

Many consumers are concerned about the ecological effects of wasteful packaging. This concern probably explains why stores have been quick to stock new cleaning products that have been produced in a concentrated form. The concentrated form is packaged in smaller containers that use less plastic and require less transportation space.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the explanation offered above?
(A) Few consumers believe that containers of concentrated cleaning products are merely small packages of regular cleaning products.
(B) The containers in which concentrated cleaning products are packaged are no harder to recycle than those in which regular cleaning products are packaged.
(C) Those concentrated cleaning products that are intended to be used diluted have clear instructions for dilution printed on their labels.
(D) The smaller containers of concentrated cleaning products enable supermarkets and drugstores to increase their revenues from a given shelf space.
(E) Consumer pressure has led to the elimination of wasteful cardboard packaging that was used for compact discs.

选D。没看太明白。

请教各位NN。谢谢！~

mudiduange

不好意思，看错了
这题我在做的时候也主观了

D选项不管怎么说和原文时相关的，其余4个不相关，因此D是对的

如果你要深究什么原因可以这样理解。因为两种方法在辨认这种病的时候效果一样，而其中一种危险还要小，那么推荐用这个是有道理的。换句话说，二者两比，推荐的这种方法功能和原方法一致，但危险要小，那么可行性自然会大一点。

呵呵，刚才看错了

guang722

不过很感谢mudiduange，我会慢慢琢磨一下的。
你的解释很清楚。~

guang722

第二个不是说support the recomendation么？为什么会是驳斥？当时我看的时候是认为是支持题，所以怎么看D都不对。

mudiduange

第一题：损坏的神经不能重新生长是因为有一种抑制物质，现在发明了一种新的抗体能够使这种抑制物质不活跃，因此能够很好的解决这个不能再生长的问题。

选项A：抑制损坏神经的在生长只是主要功能的一个很小的副作用。（既然如此，如果是这种抑制物质不能起作用，那其主要功能也会不起作用，因此驳斥）
B：有一些东西结构和这些抗体相同。文章讲的是这个新的抗体能否解决问题，因此是无关选项。
C：大脑里的神经核SPINAL里的神经有一些相似性，无关选项。
D：研究者发现了另外的能够刺激神经生长的办法。无关选项
E：使这些抑制物质不能起作用一个更长的时间里，需要更多的这种抗体，无关选项。
（CDE分析方法同B，因为原文的事件性质主要讲的是这种抗体能否解决问题，和这个事件沾边才能成为可能正确选项）

第二题：M这种过程和A这种治疗方法相比，在治疗病人方法没有什么危险，因此应该代替A去治疗所有的CB这种病。

(D) An MRI is just as likely as an angiogram to identify an arterial blockage.
(E) Some patients for whom an angiogram presents no risk are unwilling to undergo an MRI.

D：M和A在辨认这种病的时候是一样的。也就说，M相对于A没有优势，正好驳斥。
E：有一些病人由于A没有表现任何的危险，不愿意去通过M来治疗。两个方法可以排除：
（1）文章探讨的是有危险的情况，这里没有危险，范围不对。
（2）在演绎题里，一般出现some的选项是错的。

第三题：古生物学者通过分析一些样本的细微差别把T分成了16种。但是，由于其中的11种是来自同一时间同一地点，因此这种分类方法不科学。

分析：问题问的是支持。即要说明那么多样本出现在同一时间同一地点是不合理的。
A：不是每一个物种在一个特定区域内都可以成为化石，物种是否成为化石与这种方法是否正确无关。无关选项
B：至少有一种确实的物种被发现是化石样本。这个某种程度上是驳斥了作者的观点。
C：没有任何地方曾经有超过3种相似的物种在同一个时间。既然连超过3种都没有，怎么可能有11种呢，支持了作者的观点。
D：In many species, individuals display quite marked variation。这个species是原文所讲的T吗，不一定，范围不对。
E：同一个地方出现的这种物种所体现的区别不少于不同地方所出现物种体现的区别。既然二者一样，那么古生物学家的做法就是对的，因此是驳斥。

第四题：很多的消费者关心浪费的包装所产生的生物效果。由于集中的包装使用了小的容器，使用了更少的塑料，这些塑料需要更好的运输空间。这些就解释了为什么商店会迅速的储存干净的货物，这些货物被生产在一个集中的形式。

问驳斥
A：消费者是否相信这些集中化包装的货物是否仅仅是小包装的常态化货物。与原文所讲这些商店为什么储存的原因无关。
B：讲的是这些容器是否更容易回收的问题，无关
C：这些产品上面有一些标签，便于使用，无关
D：这些小包装的使用是因为超市和商店能增加收入。也就是说这种做的原因并不是因为消费者认为浪费的包装不好，而是因为收入的原因。驳斥
E：消费者亚压力促使这种浪费包装的消息。支持了原文的观点