OG12—122

slamshady

122. The spacing of the four holes on a fragment of a bone fl ute excavated at a Neanderthal campsite is just what is
required to play the third through sixth notes of the diatonic scale—the seven-note musical scale used in much
of Western music since the Renaissance. Musicologists therefore hypothesize that the diatonic musical scale
was developed and used thousands of years before it was adopted by Western musicians.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the hypothesis?
(A) Bone fl utes were probably the only musical instrument made by Neanderthals.
(B) No musical instrument that is known to have used a diatonic scale is of an earlier date than the fl ute found at the Neanderthal campsite.
(C) The fl ute was made from a cave-bear bone and the campsite at which the fl ute fragment was excavated was in a cave that also contained skeletal remains of cave bears.
(D) Flutes are the simplest wind instrument that can be constructed to allow playing a diatonic scale.
(E) The cave-bear leg bone used to make the Neanderthal fl ute would have been long enough to make a fl ute
capable of playing a complete diatonic scale.

答案是E我理解，但是OG上说B是削弱，请教这如何理解？

听剑客

这道题是真麻烦。
我觉得E的最大问题是，如果这段洞熊的骨头足够长造出全部七个音，而我们只找到了四个孔，那么实际上有两个可能
1.笛子本来有七个孔，只找到四个=〉support
2.笛子本来就只有四个孔=〉空有七个孔的空间而不去利用=〉weaken, a lot
出题的人恐怕也就想到了第一个。
可惜我首先想到了第二个。。。

陈大胖

关于E，我对其语法有点不理解：

The cave-bear leg bone used to make the Neanderthal flute WOULD HAVE BEEN long enough to make a flute capable of playing a complete diatonic scale.  

would have been 不是“就得是”“就应该是”（与事实相反的虚拟）吗？我觉得如果要表示这种腿骨确实足够长，应该直接用 was 啊。

求指教！

quyuanmei

我觉得不能说扩大了范围就是加强 因为很多时候扩大范围是无关选项的特征
这里说出了flute还有更多的乐器可以演奏 但是这一点并不能直接与结论构成交集 因为结论关注的是全音阶在几千年前就可以被演奏了 是一个时间概念 最重要 而D没有提到时间的问题 所以是无关的
因为原题的题叙述中有漏洞 即由四个洞可以吹3-6音推出可以吹全音阶，这个本身不是确定 也不是等价的 是漏洞 需要格外信息的支持

Tereasa

同理，对于94题的A选项，应比B好吧

Tereasa

我也想问问这道题，今天看了一个必要性思维的例子。从这个出发，A选项是缩小范围，故是削弱。（因为如果不是唯一，则可能会有更多的乐器可以演奏七个音符).同理，B是在缩小范围。只是在时间上，如果有早于N campsite 的，则必定早于R 时期。但 D是在扩大范围。应为加强。则会有更多的乐器演奏七个音符。应该比E好，我不知自已哪出了问题，希望得到高手赐教，急呀！！！！！

天使追梦

不明白——D怎么错了？

slamshady

还是不那么明白ＡＢ选项如何削弱。ＯＧ说Ａ选项会产生N用其它的diatonic scale,
b选项要表达的意思是不是说flute是最早的乐器用diatonic scale那如果是这样又如何削弱啊？？？
逻辑不好。请指教

-- by 会员 ken178 (2010/7/30 16:43:33)

呵呵没想到这么久远的帖子还有人讨论啊。。。科学家的结论是人们早在数千年就会用diatonic scale了，也就是说不排除在尼安德塔人之前就有人会用这种乐器了，但B说尼安德塔人之前都没人用过这种乐器，那也就从一定程度上说明尼安德塔人自己也不大可能用它。。。这道题很容易使人把科学家的结论和“是尼安德塔人发明了这种乐器”搞混。。。。很邪恶

A的话么请LS再仔细辨析一下，本题讨论的是diatonic scale及其所处的时间，跟是否是尼安德塔人发明的唯一乐器无关

ken178

还是不那么明白ＡＢ选项如何削弱。ＯＧ说Ａ选项会产生N用其它的diatonic scale,
b选项要表达的意思是不是说flute是最早的乐器用diatonic scale那如果是这样又如何削弱啊？？？
逻辑不好。请指教

小羽羽

个人理解，本身笛子能演奏全音阶就是假设，而在笛子发现之前也未有其他证据能证明有乐器使用全音阶，使得原题假设“全音阶早于西方千年使用”—无根据假设，削弱