很纠结，十分纠结，非常纠结，纠结纠结·og的三道题，谢谢

小娟子nana

116
Firms adopting “profit-related-pay” (PRP) contracts pay wages at levels that vary with the firm’s profits. In the metalworking industry last year, firms with PRP contracts in place showed productivity per worker on average 13 percent higher than that of their competitors who used more traditional contracts.
If, on the basis of the evidence above, it is argued that PRP contracts increase worker productivity, which of the following, if true, would most seriously weaken that argument?
(A) Results similar to those cited for the metalworking industry have been found in other industries where PRP contracts are used.
(B) Under PRP contracts costs other than labor costs, such as plant, machinery, and energy, make up an increased proportion of the total cost of each unit of output.
(C) Because introducing PRP contracts greatly changes individual workers’ relationships to the firm, negotiating the introduction of PRP contracts is complex and time consuming.
(D) Many firms in the metalworking industry have modernized production equipment in the last five years, and most of these introduced PRP contracts at the same time.
(E) In firms in the metalworking industry where PRP contracts are in place, the average take-home pay is 15 percent higher than it is in those firms where workers have more traditional contracts.

答案选d。其实我的疑惑和这个链接的疑惑差不多。
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_CR/thread-448283-1-1.html
就是该题的d项，想表达的是很多metalworking这个行业的公司已经升级了本公司的生产工具，而且大多数这些公司也采用了PRP的合共。
那难道competitor没有升级本公司的生产工具吗？如果连competitor也都升级了本公司生产工具，那么d对文章起到support的作用。但是如果competitor没有升级，那么d就起削弱作用。但是d项的many firm很难排除到底是否包括了competitor的，所以d选项有问题···请大侠们指教

120The earliest Mayan pottery found at Colha, in Belize, is about 3,000 years old. Recently, however, 4,500-year-old stone agricultural implements were unearthed at Colha. These implements resemble Mayan stone implements of a much later period, also found at Colha. Moreover, the implements\' designs are strikingly different from the designs of stone implements produced by other cultures known to have inhabited the area in prehistoric times. Therefore, there were surely Mayan settlements in Colha 4,500 years ago.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument?

(A) Ceramic ware is not known to have been used by the Mayan people to make agricultural implements.
(B) Carbon dating of corn pollen in Colha indicates that agriculture began there around 4,500 years ago.
(C) Archaeological evidence indicates that some of the oldest stone implements found at Colha were used to cut away vegetation after controlled burning of trees to open areas of swampland for cultivation.
(D) Successor cultures at a given site often adopt the style of agricultural implements used by earlier inhabitants of the same site.
(E) Many religious and social institutions of the Mayan people who inhabited Colha 3,000 years ago relied on a highly developed system of agricultural symbols.

答案选d。d的意思是玛雅人模仿了早期文明的农业用具。可是题目中明明已经说了Moreover, the implements\' designs are strikingly different from the designs of stone implements produced by other cultures known to have inhabited the area in prehistoric times.也就是说这种石质农具跟其他文明完全不同，那么这个农具只可能是玛雅人造的，那么这个题目的推理其实是无懈可击的。痛苦中····

123

Outsourcing is the practice of obtaining from an independent supplier a product or service that a company has previously provided for itself.Vernon, Inc., a small manufacturing company that has in recent years experienced a decline in its profits, plans to boost its profits by outsourcing those parts of its business that independent suppliers can provide at lower cost than Vernon can itself.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the prediction that Vernon's plan will achieve its goal?

(A) Among the parts of its business that Vernon does not plan to outsource are some that require standards of accuracy too high for most independent suppliers to provide at lower cost than Vernon can.

(B) Vernon itself acts as an independent supplier of specialized hardware items to certain manufacturers that formerly made those items themselves.

(C) Relatively few manufacturers that start as independent suppliers have been able to expand their business and become direct competitors of the companies they once supplied.

(D) Vernon plans to select the independent suppliers it will use on the basis of submitted bids.

(E) Attending to certain tasks that Vernon performs relatively inefficiently has taken up much of the time and effort of top managers whose time would have been better spent attending to Vernon's core business.
答案是b。看不懂原文，能帮忙翻译一下吗？同时能帮忙解释一下选b的理由吗？谢谢

feebee2012

我觉得其实这是类比，如要削弱类比的话，就是否认两者的不一致，或者给出理由来否认两者一致的理是错误的，文章的理由是说是因为两个像似所以时间是4500，要想削弱的话就是解释这个像似的特征是表面上的，本质是不一致的。

shiningsmile

衷心感谢！

sdcar2010

做逻辑题是先入为主地把正确答案给排除掉了 is a cardinal sin.

Just take whatever is said in the passage WITHOUT adding ANY thinkings or judgement of your OWN.  That's the key to success in CR.  Just keep your innocence like a baby.  Do not try to prove your brilliance by FORSEEING the future.

Once you understand the logic of the passage, study the answer choices.  Eliminate ONLY those answer choices that you are sure are WRONG.  For either "correct" choice or "unsure" ones, just leave them as contenders.  Once you have finished analyzing all five choices, compare the contenders and pick the one that is correct among/between them.

shiningsmile

谢谢你的解答，我一开始就把D项当作与题干相矛盾给排除掉了，莫非the implement 是源于some unknown earlier culture?这种题好tricky啊，我有时做逻辑题是先入为主地把正确答案给排除掉了，不知sdacar在以前做逻辑时有这种现象么？感觉自己题也做得不少了，但缺乏一套行之有效的总结方法，能不能指点一下怎么总结逻辑比较好呢？

sdcar2010

Apparently, the 4,500-year-old stone agricultural implements are a NEW discovery. Hence they do not belong to any other KNOWN cultures, including Mayan.

shiningsmile

Mayan pottery

This is very simple.

If D) is right, then the 4,500-year-old stone agricultural implements is the ORIGINAL object made by earlier inhabitants. This ORIGINAL object was later COPIED as Mayan stone implements of a much later period (successor culture). Therefore, the conclusion that Mayan culture started as early as 4,500 years ago was wrong.

-- by 会员 sdcar2010 (2011/7/27 10:45:59)

可是题目已经说了Moreover, the implements'
designs are strikingly different from the designs of
stone implements produced by other cultures known
to have inhabited the area in prehistoric times，不知你所说的earlier inhabitants是否包括在prehistoric times的范围内已经在题干中被排除了呢？

sunnywooo

我觉得是，玛雅人是只有3000年前的历史。玛雅人模仿是更早种族的人（比如麻麻人，4500年前）的工具。
文物的时间肯定是没错，用碳14鉴别的，不可能会有错。

安徽民工

123题和OG只是题干相同，选项都不一样。

cuican1432

我觉得作者一开始的逻辑有点问题。。。

作者为什么一开始就可以断定石头是4500年前的呢？？？？
如果断定石头的话不应该是用科学的角度来客观肯定的来断定吧？
什么同位素追踪法一类的来判断的吧。。。。。
4500-year-old stone agricultural implements were unearthed at Colha 既然作者本来就这么肯定了，那石头不就是4500 year old 么，用科学的角度讲 = =