For numerator, you can get a common factor --> 2^6 out of the equation. In other words, 2^12-2^6=2^6(2^6-1)=2^6*(2^3-1)(2^3+1) for denominator, likewise, you could get 2^3 out. rewrite the equation, you got 2^6-2^3=2^3*(2^3-1) and blah blah blah you get 2^3*(2^3+1)=2^6+2^3 ....