有两个OG11的题目，对答案有质疑，希望大家看看~~

水色青空

83.Editorial: Regulations recently imposed by the government of Risemia cali for unprecedented reductions in the amounts of pollutants manufacturers are allowed to discharge into the environment. It will take costly new pollution control equipment requiring expensive maintenance to comply with these regulations. Resultant price increases for Risemian manufactured goods will lead to the loss of some export markets. Clearly, therefore, annual exports of Risemian manufactured goods will in the future occur at diminished levels.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument in the editorial?
(A) The need to comply with the new regulations will stimulate the development within Risemia of new pollution control equipment for which a strong worldwide demand is likely to emerge.
(B) The proposed regulations include a schedule of fines for noncompliance that escalate steeply in cases of repeated noncompliance.
(C) Savings from utilizing the chemicals captured by the pollution control equipment will remain far below the cost of maintaining the equipment.
(D) By international standards, the levels of pollutants currently emitted by some of Risemia's manufacturing plants are not considered excessive.
(E) The stockholders of most of Risemia's _+. manufacturing corporations exert substantial pressure on the corporations to comply with environmental laws.



这个题目的正确答案是A，但是对于题目，我没有读懂它的意思，更别说它的逻辑了，NN帮帮忙，解释一下它的意思和逻辑吧。谢谢了



55. Low-income families are often unable to afford as much child care as they need. One government program would award low-income families a refund on the income taxes they pay of as much as $1,000 for each child under age four. This program would make it possible for all low-income families with children under age four to obtain more child care than they otherwise would have been able to afford.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously calls into question the claim that the program would make it possible for all low-income families to obtain more child care?

(A) The average family with children under age four spends more than $1,000 a year on child care.

(B) Some low-income families in which one of the parents is usually available to care for children under age four may not want to spend their income tax refund on child care.

(C) The reduction in government revenues stemming from the income tax refund will necessitate cuts in other government programs, such as grants for higher education.

(D) Many low-income families with children under age four do not pay any income taxes because their total income is too low to be subject to such taxes.

(E) Income taxes have increased substantially over the past 20 years, reducing the money that low-income families have available to spend on child care.



Situation ：To help low-income families pay for child care, a government project would provide these families with tax refunds for each young child. The claim is made that the program will allow all low-income families to obtain more child care.
Reasoning： What point undermines the claim?The claim is that al/low-income families would receive money to buy more care; the money would be in the form of income tax refunds. The program thus assumes that issuing refunds through the income tax system is an effective mechanism for providing funding to all these families. Does the income tax system indeed provide a satisfactory distribution channel? What if some low-income families have such low incomes that they do not pay income taxes? If they don't pay such taxes, then they cannot receive tax refunds, and the planned process for delivering funding will be unsuccessful.

正确答案是D
B Although the money is to be in the form of a refund that could be spent however the family wished, it is the availability of additional money that is the point of the claim. .

很奇怪的是，B选项我始终觉得有点疑惑，虽然OG的解释提到了the availability of additional money，但B中，父母不肯将这部分钱花在孩子身上，算不算availability的范围呢？反复读B选项，总觉得也能算正确，因为如果父母不花钱在孩子身上，the availability of additional money 也被否定了，和D是一样的效果，大家帮我看看吧？

水色青空

83题我看懂了，谢谢解释呀~~~

水色青空

题目问的是most seriously calls the question
b说的是refund不用在child上面，但总收入增加，child总体来说很有可能还是会受益
但是d说的是他们根本不付tax，那就等于programme完全没有效果，所以是most seriously calls the question

-- by 会员 rosswxh (2009/11/18 12:06:05)

看你的解释，似乎你也赞成B选项只不过不是最优项是吧？

恩，原来CR中也要考虑最优的问题，我还以为只有在SC中才考虑呢~

谢谢你的回答~~

rosswxh

83题说的是由于环保设备导致生产成本上升，导致出口下降。
那我们就要寻找相反的条件（不会导致出口下降的条件）
a的意思是这个国家生产的环保设备有很大的国际市场，那可以弥补其他方面的出口下降
所以选a

rosswxh

题目问的是most seriously calls the question
b说的是refund不用在child上面，但总收入增加，child总体来说很有可能还是会受益
但是d说的是他们根本不付tax，那就等于programme完全没有效果，所以是most seriously calls the question