关于episodic memory GWD-12-7(xy-9)那篇阅读的问题

Schnellv

chose E at first. But vote for A now.

Brilliance

。

joejo9

那到底答案是什么呢？

smoker

GWD-12-Q4
to Q7:

    

     
The term “episodic memory” was

    

       introduced by Tulving to refer to what he

    

       considered a uniquely human capacity—        人类专有

    

Line
            the
ability to recollect specific past events,

    

  (5)to
travel back into the past
in one’s ownr        特点是travel back ，及后文的reexperiencing

    

mind—as distinct from the
capacity simply    不同于只bind过去的经验，
            

    

to use information acquired through
past

    

experiences. 
Subsequently,
            Clayton et al.     此后Clayton把此理论测试于动物

    

developed
criteria to test for episodic

    

 (10)       memory in animals. 
According to these

    

criteria, episodic memories are not of

    

individual bits of information; they involve

    

multiple components of a single event

    

“bound” together.  Clayton sought to

    

 (15)       examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate

    

memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”

    

information and their binding of this infor-

    

mation.  In the wild, these birds store food

    

for retrieval later during periods of food

    

 (20)       scarcity.  Clayton’s experiment required

    

       jays to remember the type, location, and

    

       freshness of stored food based on a
unique

    

learning event.  Crickets were stored in one

    

location and peanuts in another.  Jays

    

 (25)      prefer crickets, but crickets degrade

    

more quickly.  Clayton’s birds switched

    

their preference from crickets to peanuts

    

once the food had been stored for a certain

    

length of time, showing that they retain

    

 (30)       information about the what, the where,

    

and the when.  Such experiments cannot,

    

however, reveal whether the birds were       结论是此理论测试于动物，不能得出动物

    

         reexperiencing the past when retrieving the     也reexperiencing the past

    

information. 
Clayton acknowledged this by

    

using the term “episodic-like”
memory.

    

 

    

GWD-12-Q7:    支持E

    

It can be
inferred from the passage that both Tulving and Clayton would agree with which
of the following statements?

    

 

    

1. Animals’ abilities to use information about a specific past event are not conclusive
        evidence of episodic memory.   不对，文中没提到Tulving 关于理论用于动物情形怎样,是Clayton此后再动物上做实验
2. Animals do not share humans’
        abilities to reexperience the past through memory.
3. The accuracy of animals’
        memories is difficult to determine through direct experimentation.
4. Humans tend to recollect
        single bits of information more accurately than do animals.
5. The binding of different kinds of information is
   not a distinctive feature of episodic memory..

    

Tulving“as distinct from the capacity simply  to use information acquired through pastexperiences”

    Clayton “证明了动物能bingding information,
但不确认有episodic memory“

    

Koror

I choose E too

kennypl

UP...没有发现两个人有一致的观点

NN分析一下吧..急!!

sen4sun

A. 不是正因为T的观点是针对人类的, 所以对于动物的例子才不能作为一个 conclusive evidence.

E. 请问可以说一下为什么你认为E对吗?

litperi

 The term “episodic memory” was

     introduced by Tulving to refer to what he

     considered a uniquely human capacity—

Line    the ability to recollect specific past events,

  (5)   to travel back into the past in one’s own

mind—as distinct from the capacity simply

to use information acquired through past

experiences.  Subsequently, Clayton et al.

developed criteria to test for episodic

 (10)  memory in animals.  According to these

criteria, episodic memories are not of

individual bits of information; they involve

multiple components of a single event

“bound” together.  Clayton sought to

 (15)  examine evidence of scrub jays’ accurate

memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”

information and their binding of this infor-

mation.  In the wild, these birds store food

for retrieval later during periods of food

 (20)  scarcity.  Clayton’s experiment required

     jays to remember the type, location, and

     freshness of stored food based on a unique

learning event.  Crickets were stored in one

location and peanuts in another.  Jays

 (25)  prefer crickets, but crickets degrade

more quickly.  Clayton’s birds switched

their preference from crickets to peanuts

once the food had been stored for a certain

length of time, showing that they retain

 (30)  information about the what, the where,

and the when.  Such experiments cannot,

however, reveal whether the birds were

     reexperiencing the past when retrieving the

information.  Clayton acknowledged this by

using the term “episodic-like” memory.

Q7. It can be inferred from the passage that both Tulving and Clayton would agree with which of the following statements?

 

1. Animals’ abilities to use information about a specific past event are not conclusive evidence of episodic memory.

2. Animals do not share humans’ abilities to reexperience the past through memory.

3. The accuracy of animals’ memories is difficult to determine through direct experimentation.

4. Humans tend to recollect single bits of information more accurately than do animals.

5. The binding of different kinds of information is not a distinctive feature of episodic memory.

红色high light的是答案 我选的是E 原因是因为T没有提到除了人类对其他的动物的观点 所以我认为A里面的 Animals’ abilities 不对!