[揽瓜阁逻辑小分队] day155

Ysandre

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Day 155
1.        抑郁病毒
在一家医院，30%的病人出现depression，15%的病人有一种病毒的抗体。但是砖家还是认为这种病毒的感染导致了depression。问support


2.        跳蚤是害虫
Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium transmitted to humans by deer ticks. Generally deer ticks pick up the bacterium while in the larval stage from feeding on infected white footed mice. However, certain other species on which the larvae feed do not harbor the bacterium. Therefore, if the population of these other species were increased, the number of ticks acquiring the bacterium and hence the number of people contracting Lyme disease—would likely decline.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. Ticks do not suffer any adverse consequences from carrying the bacterium that causes Lyme disease in humans.
B. There are no known cases of a human’s contracting Lyme disease through contact with white-footed mice.
C. A deer tick feeds only once while in the larval stage.
D. A single host animal can be the source of bacteria for many tick larvae.
E. None of the other species on which deer tick larvae feed harbor other bacteria that ticks transmit to humans.

3.        人们变得暴力了吗
英国在18世纪中期第一次犯罪的人突然上升，人口同时期也上升，但增长速度慢多了，但不能得出人们变的暴力了，since_________

Shell_liang

Day 155
1.        抑郁病毒
在一家医院，30%的病人出现depression，15%的病人有一种病毒的抗体。但是砖家还是认为这种病毒的感染导致了depression。问support

30%的人抑郁，15%的人有抗病毒的抗体=》病毒感染导致depression这些人depression前就抑郁了

【看选项估计还是非 support 即 weaken，如果是 support，则要说明因果没有倒置，即感染出现在 depression 前，for example，这 15%的病人确诊 depression前都有发现感染这个病毒的记录。如果是 weaken，最直接就是说明因果关系倒置，比如说：depression 的人身体容易产生一种物质，这种物质会使人容易受到这个病毒攻击。】


2.        跳蚤是害虫
Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium transmitted to humans by deer ticks. Generally deer ticks pick up the bacterium while in the larval stage from feeding on infected white footed mice. However, certain other species on which the larvae feed do not harbor the bacterium. Therefore, if the population of these other species were increased, the number of ticks acquiring the bacterium and hence the number of people contracting Lyme disease—would likely decline.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. Ticks do not suffer any adverse consequences from carrying the bacterium that causes Lyme disease in humans.
B. There are no known cases of a human’s contracting Lyme disease through contact with white-footed mice.
C. A deer tick feeds only once while in the larval stage.
D. A single host animal can be the source of bacteria for many tick larvae.（加强）
E. None of the other species on which deer tick larvae feed harbor other bacteria that ticks transmit to humans.


deer tick在幼虫阶段吃老鼠=》人被deer tick叮了会得lyme disease
其他种类数量增加=〉tick吃的东西增多=〉莱姆病会下降
c 只在吃自己的食物--削弱

3.        人们变得暴力了吗
英国在18世纪中期第一次犯罪的人突然上升，人口同时期也上升，但增长速度慢多了，但不能得出人们变的暴力了，since_________

人口上升，犯罪人数上升=》人们不是更暴力了
原因？犯罪人更多了，因为发现更多了么（他因）
【police 有能力找到更多 attestable 证据去 against 罪犯】

abc1654

elopealone

Day 155
1.        抑郁病毒
在一家医院，30%的病人出现depression，15%的病人有一种病毒的抗体。但是砖家还是认为这种病毒的感染导致了depression。问support【支持】感染病毒--》出现depression
-有因有果：有这种病毒的人都出现depression了；
-没有出现depression的人，都没有感染病毒；


2.        跳蚤是害虫
Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium transmitted to humans by deer ticks. Generally deer ticks pick up the bacterium while in the larval stage from feeding on infected white footed mice. However, certain other species on which the larvae feed do not harbor the bacterium. Therefore, if the population of these other species were increased, the number of ticks acquiring the bacterium and hence the number of people contracting Lyme disease—would likely decline.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. Ticks do not suffer any adverse consequences from carrying the bacterium that causes Lyme disease in humans.-跳蚤携带病毒后，自己不会有其他病症；和最终结论人感染没关系诶
B. There are no known cases of a human’s contracting Lyme disease through contact with white-footed mice.-没有发现过人因为直接接触小鼠染病；【取非会削弱吗？】有人直接接触小鼠染病，和主要的逻辑链无关
C. A deer tick feeds only once while in the larval stage.-跳蚤只会在幼虫时期寄生一个宿主--》【搭桥】那么如果它寄生了健康的宿主，它就不会还去寄生染病的小鼠了，那它就更大可能寄生没有并的宿主！完美闭环了~~
D. A single host animal can be the source of bacteria for many tick larvae.--》不懂，，，对于跳蚤而言，单一宿主就是
E. None of the other species on which deer tick larvae feed harbor other bacteria that ticks transmit to humans.-跟其他病毒无关！！！其他病毒又不一定会让人省lyme病啊
【加强】
F1：Lyme病是由感染了的跳蚤传染给人类的；
F2：跳蚤一般在幼虫时期由于以感染了的小白鼠为生而感染；
F3：幼虫寄生的另一些动物并没有感染lyme病毒；
C：如果其他宿主数量增加--》（跳蚤寄生没有病的宿主的概率增加）--》染病的跳蚤人数就会下降--》感染的人数就会下降
【增加证据，强化逻辑链】其他物种数量增加，跳蚤吃到其他物种的可能性增大，染病数量会减少；
错选了E，没认真读懂选项，忽略了真正的逻辑链，是要这种会让人生lyme病的病毒！

更正，正确为C，应该是：

补充：同一题干下的评价题
Which of the following it would be most useful to ascertain in evaluating the argument?


A. Whether populations of the other species on which deer tick larvae feed are found only in areas also inhabited by white footed mice.-

B. Whether the size of the deer tick population is currently limited by the availability of animals for ticks ‘s larval stage to feed on

C. Whether the infected deer tick population could be controlled by increasing the number of animals that prey on white footed mice.

D. Whether deer ticks that were not infected as larvae can become infected as adults by feeding on deer on which infected deer ticks have fed.

E. Whether the other species on which deer tick larvae feed harbor any other bacteria that ticks transmits to humans.


选B


逻辑链同上。
最重要的是要判断：
A 小白鼠生活的地区，跳蚤幼虫寄生的其他物种的数量。








Which of the following most logically completes the argument ?

Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium transmitted to people by deer ticks. Deer ticks are almost never born infected with the bacterium, but they can pick it up from feeding on an infected host in any of the tick's three successive stage of development: larva, nymph, adult. Once infected, a tick remains infected through any subsequent developmental stages, but since a tick feeds on only one host in each stage, it follows that ______________


A. People can be infected only by being bitten by a tick that is either in larval stage or in the nymph stage

B. People cannot be infected by a tick that picked up the Lyme disease bacterium in the adult stage

C. It is not possible for a person to be infected by a tick that is in the nymph stage or by a tick that was infected with the bacterium while in the nymph stage

D. People infected with the Lyme disease bacterium cannot transmit bacterium to adult deer ticks

E. Only deer ticks that are adults can transmit the Lyme disease bacterium to people

选B
【填空】推结论
P：跳蚤会经过 larva, nymph, adult（幼虫、蛹、成虫）三个阶段
C：因为跳蚤每一个阶段只能寄生在一个宿主身上，
--》所以跳蚤在成熟期前没感染的话，是没办法再感染病毒的
--》所以啊，人们是不会被一个在成虫阶段携带上病毒的跳蚤感染的，因为它不会再找别的宿主了，人就安全了！选B






3.        人们变得暴力了吗
英国在18世纪中期第一次犯罪的人突然上升，人口同时期也上升，但增长速度慢多了，但不能得出人们变的暴力了，since________
【填空】【现象解释-果因】
【它因】
-第一次犯罪的人突然上升，是因为法规变严格了；
-可能是因为经济犯罪，而不是暴力犯罪；

Ak777

Day 155
1.        抑郁病毒
在一家医院，30%的病人出现depression，15%的病人有一种病毒的抗体。但是砖家还是认为这种病毒的感染导致了depression。问support
-这15%的病人患抑郁几率远高于30%
OA考虑因果倒置！


2.        跳蚤是害虫
Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium transmitted to humans by deer ticks. Generally deer ticks pick up the bacterium while in the larval stage from feeding on infected white footed mice. However, certain other species on which the larvae feed do not harbor the bacterium. Therefore, if the population of these other species were increased, the number of ticks acquiring the bacterium and hence the number of people contracting Lyme disease—would likely decline.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. Ticks do not suffer any adverse consequences from carrying the bacterium that causes Lyme disease in humans.
B. There are no known cases of a human’s contracting Lyme disease through contact with white-footed mice.
C. A deer tick feeds only once while in the larval stage.
D. A single host animal can be the source of bacteria for many tick larvae.
E. None of the other species on which deer tick larvae feed harbor other bacteria that ticks transmit to humans.
-C
之前错选E，把other bacteria理解成其他能让人感染Ld的细菌，也就是说确保新增的其他品种不含有新的能让人患Ld的细菌。不过选项只是说单纯的其他细菌，没提到Ld的事，无关

3.        人们变得暴力了吗
英国在18世纪中期第一次犯罪的人突然上升，人口同时期也上升，但增长速度慢多了，但不能得出人们变的暴力了，since_________
-侦测犯罪的技术上升；法律把更多行为定义成犯罪…

Ak777

同意！               

小张的诗

有抗体的后来抗体消失了
C
人口总数更多

断了的弦

快看看

小张的诗

同意！               

OneForTheRoad

Day 155
1.        抑郁病毒
在一家医院，30%的病人出现depression，15%的病人有一种病毒的抗体。但是砖家还是认为这种病毒的感染导致了depression。问support

- 加强感染病毒与depression因果联系


2.        跳蚤是害虫
Lyme disease is caused by a bacterium transmitted to humans by deer ticks. Generally deer ticks pick up the bacterium while in the larval stage from feeding on infected white footed mice. However, certain other species on which the larvae feed do not harbor the bacterium. Therefore, if the population of these other species were increased, the number of ticks acquiring the bacterium and hence the number of people contracting Lyme disease—would likely decline.
Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?
A. Ticks do not suffer any adverse consequences from carrying the bacterium that causes Lyme disease in humans.
B. There are no known cases of a human’s contracting Lyme disease through contact with white-footed mice.
C. A deer tick feeds only once while in the larval stage.
D. A single host animal can be the source of bacteria for many tick larvae.
E. None of the other species on which deer tick larvae feed harbor other bacteria that ticks transmit to humans.
P：Lyme病的产生是由于跳蚤将病毒携带至人类身上。跳蚤在幼虫阶段时以被感染的白鼠为食才会携带病毒，吃其他食物的跳蚤则不会携带。
C：如果这些吃其他食物的跳蚤增多了，携带病毒的跳蚤就会变少，感染lyme病的人也会变少
- 选C，幼虫跳蚤只吃一次食物



3.        人们变得暴力了吗
英国在18世纪中期第一次犯罪的人突然上升，人口同时期也上升，但增长速度慢多了，但不能得出人们变的暴力了，since_________
- 他因： 警察在侦破案件的方法上有了重大突破，某社会事件导致群体被捕