[揽瓜阁逻辑小分队] day4

Ysandre

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Day 4
1.        咖啡因和失眠
Although it is sometimes claimed that consuming caffeine at high levels does not cause insomnia, statistical evidence shows that it does. Study after study has found that people with high levels of caffeine consumption from beverages such as coffee, tea, and soft drinks are far more likely to suffer from insomnia than people who consume little or no caffeine.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Consumption of caffeine from sources other than coffee, tea, and soft drinks is unlikely to cause insomnia.
B. Caffeine consumption is the only commonly occurring cause of insomnia.
C. People suffering from insomnia do not typically respond to their lack of sleep by consuming much more caffeine than they would if they did not suffer from insomnia.
D. The only evidence available to show whether caffeine causes insomnia is statistical evidence showing correlations between caffeine consumption and insomnia.
E. Anyone who regularly consumes caffeine in more than moderate quantities will suffer from insomnia.
2.        Computer worms
computer worms are mostly malicious. However, one of the widespread computer worms adds security features for infected computers. However, although the creator of this computer worm had good intention, he did more harm than good. explain this discrepancy.
3.        Motorized TM 维修
做了一个调查，motorized TM 十年中10%需要维修，non-motorized TM 只有2%需要维修。如果人们想在日常使用中不被disrupt or disrupt更少，就应该用non-motorized。问assumption
选项有
A: 做survey的这些人，买motorized的和买non-motorized的一样多  
B: 买motorized TM的人没有比买non-motorized TM的人用的次数更多

论坛201

1.
P：people with high levels of caffeine consumption from beverages such as coffee, tea, and soft drinks
C：suffer from insomnia
C取非

2.
矛盾：
电脑病毒本身是恶意的。
创作者是善意的
最终结果是坏的

3.
P：motorized TM 十年中10%需要维修，non-motorized TM 只有2%需要维修
C：用non-motorized
B

Franklee0630

1、
P：？
C：喝高咖啡因饮料的人比喝少或无咖啡因饮料的人更容易失眠
题型：假设题
探讨二者关系，则选择排除因果倒置的选项，正确答案C

2、电脑害虫是有毒的，但是一种广泛传播的CW加强了电脑的安全性能。虽然创造人处于好意，却带来更大伤害。
题型：解释题
抓住第一句，CW常常有害，所以可能CW带来的伤害不体现在security方面，而体现在其他方面，或者存在与其他CW相结合带来的负面效用。（引入其他外在因素）

3、比例题
P：？
C：用non- motorized
答案选B，即排除其他因素影响

Mrllb

1.B   强调caffine是唯一因素，剔除其他可能的影响因素，强化了因果关系
2.要解释这个悖论：好意图——坏影响。 从实际效果入手，说明好心帮倒忙，只要找出说这个worm的实际效果对电脑造成损害的选项即可
3.涉及到 频率的问题，可以从绝对值的入手，或是从不同的环境入手。比如说，前者使用更频繁，使用的人更多

旋风小趴菜

1.        咖啡因和失眠
Although it is sometimes claimed that consuming caffeine at high levels does not cause insomnia, statistical evidence shows that it does. Study after study has found that people with high levels of caffeine consumption from beverages such as coffee, tea, and soft drinks are far more likely to suffer from insomnia than people who consume little or no caffeine.
c:高咖啡因导致失眠
p：喝高咖啡因饮料的人呢更有可能失眠比比只摄入一点或者补射入的人
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Consumption of caffeine from sources other than coffee, tea, and soft drinks is unlikely to cause insomnia.
B. Caffeine consumption is the only commonly occurring cause of insomnia.
C. People suffering from insomnia do not typically respond to their lack of sleep by consuming much more caffeine than they would if they did not suffer from insomnia. 失眠的人不会买cafein，反向因果
D. The only evidence available to show whether caffeine causes insomnia is statistical evidence showing correlations between caffeine consumption and insomnia.
E. Anyone who regularly consumes caffeine in more than moderate quantities will suffer from insomnia.
2.        Computer worms
computer worms are mostly malicious. However, one of the widespread computer worms adds security features for infected computers. However, although the creator of this computer worm had good intention, he did more harm than good. explain this discrepancy.
p：worm给infected  computer 添加安全保障
c：harm are more
worm本身就是是一个破坏啊

3.        Motorized TM 维修
做了一个调查，motorized TM 十年中10%需要维修，non-motorized TM 只有2%需要维修。如果人们想在日常使用中不被disrupt or disrupt更少，就应该用non-motorized。问assumption
选项有
A: 做survey的这些人，买motorized的和买non-motorized的一样多  
B: 买motorized TM的人没有比买non-motorized TM的人用的次数更多
选b

Kacerlotte

进阁打卡-逻辑NO.3

Day 4
1.        咖啡因和失眠
Although it is sometimes claimed that consuming caffeine at high levels does not cause insomnia, statistical evidence shows that it does. Study after study has found that people with high levels of caffeine consumption from beverages such as coffee, tea, and soft drinks are far more likely to suffer from insomnia than people who consume little or no caffeine.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Consumption of caffeine from sources other than coffee, tea, and soft drinks is unlikely to cause insomnia. ---无关比较
B. Caffeine consumption is the only commonly occurring cause of insomnia. ---排除他因方向，但没有提及“大量咖啡因”
C. People suffering from insomnia do not typically respond to their lack of sleep by consuming much more caffeine than they would if they did not suffer from insomnia.---无因果倒置
D. The only evidence available to show whether caffeine causes insomnia is statistical evidence showing correlations between caffeine consumption and insomnia.---无关
E. Anyone who regularly consumes caffeine in more than moderate quantities will suffer from insomnia.---无关比较
推理模式：相关因果（加强方向：因果相关/无他因/无因果倒置）
逻辑链：饮料摄取多咖啡因-->所以更易失眠
答案：C


2.        Computer worms
computer worms are mostly malicious. However, one of the widespread computer worms adds security features for infected computers. However, although the creator of this computer worm had good intention, he did more harm than good. explain this discrepancy.
解释题：这个电脑病毒能保护电脑-->但是因为“答案”-->坏处更多
答案方向：1. 这个病毒占很多内存让受感染电脑performance变差 2. 这个病毒给其他怀恶意的病毒提供了效仿对象


3.        Motorized TM 维修
做了一个调查，motorized TM 十年中10%需要维修，non-motorized TM 只有2%需要维修。如果人们想在日常使用中不被disrupt or disrupt更少，就应该用non-motorized。问assumption
选项有
A: 做survey的这些人，买motorized的和买non-motorized的一样多  
B: 买motorized TM的人没有比买non-motorized TM的人用的次数更多
推理模式：因果（加强方向：因果相关/因本身成立）
逻辑链：mTM坏率10%&nmTM坏率2%-->mTM更容易坏-->所以用nmTM
答案：B

Turv_vc

1.        咖啡因
P：相关数据统计人们饮用含有咖啡因的饮料跟容易比那些不饮用的更容易失眠
C：人们食用咖啡因会导致失眠
Assumption: 这只确定了咖啡因这么一种变量导致失眠，但是有可能还有压力，什么等也会导致失眠，所以题目的p和c之间要确保只有单一变量，所以这个题目选B
2.        有些时候这种电脑病毒给电脑带来了安全保障但是与此同时，这种安全措施是这个电脑使用更加繁琐，给客户带了来很大的使用困难
3.        选B
A中你购买不够买的人数最终并不会影响的你的维修的比例，只有使用次数才会影响，说不定你用的更多需要维修的更多

Shirlin211

C

Cocoboyxx

1. 咖啡因和失眠
Although it is sometimes claimed that consuming caffeine at high levels does not cause insomnia, statistical evidence shows that it does. Study after study has found that people with high levels of caffeine consumption from beverages such as coffee, tea, and soft drinks are far more likely to suffer from insomnia than people who consume little or no caffeine.
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
A. Consumption of caffeine from sources other than coffee, tea, and soft drinks is unlikely to cause insomnia.
B. Caffeine consumption is the only commonly occurring cause of insomnia.
C. People suffering from insomnia do not typically respond to their lack of sleep by consuming much more caffeine than they would if they did not suffer from insomnia.
D. The only evidence available to show whether caffeine causes insomnia is statistical evidence showing correlations between caffeine consumption and insomnia.
E. Anyone who regularly consumes caffeine in more than moderate quantities will suffer from insomnia.

P：？
C：有很多研究发现高咖啡因摄入的人相较于低咖啡因摄入的人更有可能患失眠
Q：问假设
思路：关联咖啡因与insomnia
选项：A，除咖啡、茶、饮料以外的咖啡因摄入不会造成失眠，讨论咖啡因，咖啡因存在的地方不是重点；B，咖啡因摄入是唯一常见的引起失眠的原因，不能成为假设；C，患有失眠的人不会比不患失眠的人摄入更多的咖啡因，排除了因果倒置，正确；D，？，与数据无关；E，绝对化；
【逻辑思路】F：通常看法——摄入高水平的咖啡因不会导致失眠；统计表明——会
P：？
C：反复研究表明：人们从饮料如咖啡茶软饮料中摄入高水平的咖啡因比少摄入或不摄入咖啡因的人更容易失眠
思路：将高水平咖啡因与失眠关联。排除其他导致失眠的原因
作者假设：高水平咖啡因的摄入与失眠有关
方向：考场上选高水平咖啡因摄入与失眠有关，或排除其他原因的选项
【备选答案】与不失眠的人相比，失眠的人不会因为缺少睡眠而摄入更高水平的咖啡因（否定了因果倒置的情况）

2.  Computer worms
computer worms are mostly malicious（恶毒的）. However, one of the widespread computer worms adds security features for infected computers. However, although the creator of this computer worm had good intention, he did more harm than good. explain this discrepancy.

F：computer worms are mostly malicious
P：one of the widespread computer worms adds security features for infected computers
C：although the creator of this computer worm had good intention, he did more harm than good.
Q：问解释
思路：security features的缺点
方向：security features虽然能保护电脑，但运行起来经常会使电脑崩溃
【逻辑思路】F：计算机如从大多数都可恶。有一种广为传播的蠕虫为受损电脑增加安全因素
P：电脑用户因为对这种好蠕虫的好印象而疏于对其他坏蠕虫们的防护
C：尽管这种蠕虫的创造者是出于好意，他做坏事多于做好事
思路：探寻该蠕虫，该蠕虫创造着的多面性（尤其是负面影响）
作者假设：该蠕虫创造者好心办坏事
方向：考场上选该蠕虫创造者好心（不要选该创造者有恶意的选项）办坏事的选项
【备选答案】电脑用户因为对这种好蠕虫的好印象而疏于对其他坏蠕虫的防护

3. Motorized TM 维修
做了一个调查，motorized TM 十年中10%需要维修，non-motorized TM 只有2%需要维修。如果人们想在日常使用中不被disrupt or disrupt更少，就应该用non-motorized。问assumption
选项有
A: 做survey的这些人，买motorized的和买non-motorized的一样多  
B: 买motorized TM的人没有比买non-motorized TM的人用的次数更多

F：一个调查，motorized TM 十年中10%需要维修，non-motorized TM 只有2%需要维修
P：？
C：如果人们想在日常使用中不被disrupt or disrupt更少，就应该用non-motorized
Q：问假设
思路：调查中的其他因素是否一致
选项：A，调查只要是正常抽样维修率应该都是正常数据，无关接受调查买的人数；B，使用次数也会影响维修次数，正确；
【逻辑思路】思路：使用频次，维修频率，大修与否（因主要与维修费用相关，与被干扰关系不大，故放弃这一线索）
作者假设：调查比较具有可比性，维修百分比少的TM使人们少受打扰，维修百分比少的TM维修频率也低
方向：考场上选维修百分比与受干扰挂钩的选项
【备选答案】A: 做survey的这些人，买motorized的和买non-motorized的一样多  
B: 买motorized TM的人没有比买non-motorized TM的人用的次数更多（加强）

Cocoboyxx

看一下！