10.12放狗 攒人品

JasperGuo

10.12 上海
数学 两道题卡了很久 印象深刻  第二题好像有大于0 推荐考试的时候带数字做
看到有人求做题步骤（回复中 聪明的小伙伴把第一题先平方再做 这个做法简单多了 非常巧妙 给大伙儿点赞）


阅读
印象深刻的是 copper火山和暗物质 都挺长的 应该可以考古到

看回复好像发现是新的一篇暗物质
P1 宇宙中只有X%左右的质量是可见的，剩下的科学家称作暗物质
P2 暗物质发现的一些实验 或者 一种测量的方法 跟hot 和 cold 有关
P3 讲述neutralino微中子和neutrino种子 讲述了很多微中子应该是不可以分裂的 不然就不稳定了 最后的得出结论  暗物质是稳定的
我verbal没考好 努力去回忆了 希望之后有大神能够 修改补充

转载自16楼：
另外，文章的二/三段里，说到质子和中子和中微子时（忘记具体是说这三者中的哪一个）用到了“轻量级”这个词。

粒子是什么样的可能的暗物质由...构成？天文观测和理论提供了一些一般线索。不能是质子，中子或曾经由质子或中子构成的任何东西，例如变成黑洞的大质量恒星。根据大爆炸期间粒子合成的计算，此类粒子的数量太少而无法构成暗物质。通过测量宇宙中原始氢，氦和锂，证实了这些计算。

第二段：问题，暗物质是由什么组成的？P和N不是，接下来是“接下来的高亮“一个关于neutrino的实验，说它很轻啦，速度很快啦，因此很” hot“总之也不是暗物质。

中微子也不是一小部分暗物质，中微子是一种轻巧的粒子，可以在太空中滑动并且不与任何原子相连。中微子曾经是暗物质的显着可能性，它们的作用仍然是一个讨论的问题，但是实验发现它们可能太轻了（见Edward Kearns，Takaaki Kajita和Yoji Totsuka的“检测大规模中微子”；，1999年8月]。而且，它们是“炽热的”-也就是说，在宇宙的早期，它们以与光速相当的速度运动。热颗粒太FL EET足定居到观察宇宙结构。

第三段：记得个合适的词（我理解是根据以上中微子特征的反面推出的暗物质的特征），能满足暗物质的物质具有的特点是冷，呆滞等等。貌似在现在的cosmatic中不存在，但是在standard的假说中有一种neutranilo的物质符合

天文观测的最佳拟合是“冷”暗物质，该术语是指一些未发现的粒子，当其形成时，会缓慢移动。尽管冷暗物质在解释宇宙结构方面有其自身的问题[请参见Guinevere Kauffmann和Frank van den Bosch撰写的“星系的生命周期”。（2002年6月），与替代假设所面临的困难相比，大多数宇宙学家认为这些问题较小。当前的基本粒子标准模型没有包含可以用作冷暗物质的粒子的示例，但是标准模型的扩展（出于与天文学需求完全不同的原因而开发）提供了许多合理的候选对象。

到目前为止，对此类的研究最多的扩展是超对称性，因此我将专注于该理论。超对称性是暗物质的一个有吸引力的解释，因为它假定了一个全新的粒子家族-每个已知基本粒子一个“超级伙伴”。这些新粒子都比已知粒子重（因此更缓慢）。有几种是冷暗物质的自然候选者。最受关注的是中性分子，它是光子（传递电磁力），玻色子（传递所谓的弱核力）以及其他粒子类型的超级伙伴的混合物。这个名字有点不幸：“ neutralino”听起来很像“ neutrino”，并且这两个粒子确实共享各种特性，但在其他方面却截然不同。

当时看为时时，有点不理解，为什么是“轻”而稳定，而不是“重”而稳定。则以为是狗主笔误。不过原题的英文的确是“轻”，用的是“ lightest”这个词。

第三段开始说一种标准模型的扩展开始建议超对称，里面提到了超粒子，可能是组成暗物质的。超粒子中的neutrolina最有可能是暗物质的组成单位，因为它比较轻。如果而且它电中性，所以不受电磁场影响。这里专门说了neutrolina不是neutron中子的反物质，虽然其中一些性质是一样的。然后说因为neutrolina满足了组成暗物质的三个条件：质量，稳定性和中性，所以它很有可能就是暗物质的单位。

第四段：主要讲neutronilo的，这里提到它不被电磁怎么着（在比较俩个N不同的选项里出现），同时它又是最 轻的，它又很稳定，因为如果不够轻的话就会不稳定从而被分成俩个更轻的（很绕的逻辑），

尽管按照常规标准，中性分子较重，但通常认为它是最轻的超对称颗粒。如果是这样，它必须是稳定的：如果超粒子不稳定，它必须衰变成两个较轻的超粒子，并且中性粒子已经是最轻的。顾名思义，中性线具有零电荷，因此不受电磁力（例如涉及光的力）的影响。假设的中性物质的质量，稳定性和中性满足了冷暗物质的所有要求。

穆小鸢

MACHO这个官网的prep我遇到过一篇...

弱鸡小梁

JasperGuo 发表于 2019-10-12 14:45
不是这一篇
这样看来好像是新的一篇关于暗物质的

是不是有MACHO这个东西

kirawu

bzy! 发表于 2019-10-12 17:36
哪一个帖子？

https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1352660-1-1.html

billyisfragile!

kirawu 发表于 2019-10-12 17:00
刚刚看到另一个帖子里的说遇到了四篇新的阅读

哪一个帖子？

kirawu

这样也能很快算出来

kirawu

Duoogle 发表于 2019-10-12 16:10
请问楼主是v和q都和99库重了么 jj是不是直接看99库

刚刚看到另一个帖子里的说遇到了四篇新的阅读

Duoogle

请问楼主是v和q都和99库重了么 jj是不是直接看99库

billyisfragile!

JOURNAL ARTICLE
Porphyry Copper: Circumstantial evidence suggests that porphyry-related deposits, currently the world's principal source of copper, may have formed as by-products of volcanic activity
Spencer R. Titley
American Scientist
Vol. 69, No. 6 (November-December 1981), pp. 632-638
Published by: Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society
https://www.jstor.org/stable/27850714
Page Count: 7

A volcanic origin?

From the foregoing discussion, it is apparent that porphyry copper deposits came into being as a result of special geological conditions. Much evidence has now been accumulated that leads us to suspect that the deposits were formed as lay-products of volcanic activity where deep-seated magma bodies had suitable compositions and properties and where crustal characteristics permitted those bodies to rise rapidly to shallower levels. The evidence is indirect, and hence inconclusive, however, because the volcanic structures that may once have existed above the deposits would have been topographically and compositionally unstable and thus would have been removed rapidly by weathering, and because a large percentage of known deposits are now exposed as a result of millions or tens of millions of years of erosion.

Nevertheless, a volcanic origin for many porphyry copper deposits is consistent with the following facts. First, by far the greatest number of deposits are of Mesozoic age or younger—less about 230 million years old—and are located in either the “ring of fire,“ the belt of volcanoes and volcanic rocks that encircles the Pacific Ocean, or the “Tethyan” belt, the east-west band of volcanic rocks and mountains that extends throughout the southern Soviet Union and into the Middle East (Fig. 5). The association of the deposits with volcanic rocks and the style of occurrence are much the same in both regions. Moreover, both these parts of the world are currently the sites of much earthquake activity and volcanism, which are believed to be manifestations of the same sorts of events as are known to have occurred in or near these regions ever since about 230 million years ago.

Second, although most of the rocks that existed at the time the ore was formed have been removed by erosion. there are a few deposits where remnants of volcanic rocks about the same-age as the porphyries (up to 200 million years old) are found, and where porphyries containing copper deposits are present as intrusions in the volcanic rocks (Fig. 6). This coincidence of porphyries and volcanic rocks in both time and space is strong evidence for a volcanic origin for the deposits.

Third, the theory of the origin of porphyritic textures described previously involves two stages of cooling: an early stage, during which crystals of silicate minerals started to form, and a late stage, in which the residual magma was quenched to form a fine-grained matrix. The late stage of cooling was thought to be the result of magma rising rapidly to the cooler environment of the shallow crust. According to the volcanic genesis theory, the porphyry intrusions, which have compositions similar to those of many volcanic rocks, formed when magma rose rapidly toward the earth’s surface through the core of a volcano.

第二段例子讲的是（大概是p-copper附近的）一个石头还是什么的（印象里c打头，不是很确定）的形状是vertical的，这种vertical的形状与earth surface破裂/冲破有关，而earth surface 冲破与火山有关

P3：第一个间接证据：说可以通过一种另外的B body 来确认一种opening,这个opening 在current volcano systems有，这样就有关系了嘛~

Fourth, a large percentage of porphyry copper deposits contain bodies of breech—angular fragments of rock, which, in some instances, are cemented with fine crystalline volcanic-like rock or with rock “flour" derived from the mutual abrasion of porphyry fragments (Fig. 2). Such bodies are commonly irregular, essentially vertical columns, or “pipes,” with round or elliptical cross sections; less commonly, they assume a tabular form, such as that of a vertical sheet, or “dike.” The transportation and pulverization of rocks in breccias, as well as the geometry of the breccia bodies, suggest that there may have been an opening to the surface at the time that they formed. Moreover, breccias that look like these are present in active volcanic systems, where openings clearly exist.

Fifth, the distribution of deposits in well-explored regions of the Pacific rim shows tendencies toward clustering, as in southwest North America. where clusters occur in areas about 30 km by 30km (Fig. 7), and toward formation along lines on the earth's surface, as in the Andes. Volcanoes show similar tendencies to cluster or form along lines. This similarity in distribution of volcanic centers and porphyry ore deposits is not in itself compelling evidence for an association, but taken together with the other pieces of evidence, it strengthens the case.

The inferred link between circum-Pacific volcanism and the formation of porphyry ore deposits is extremely important, because it establishes a rational basis for searching for such deposits. Moreover, the high success rate—the discovery of more than a hundred new deposits—over the past two decades of searching premised in part on the assumption that the theory is correct attests in some measure to its validity.

billyisfragile!

JasperGuo 发表于 2019-10-12 15:16
我可以放到1楼吗

can.