670-650-600 继续战斗|这是一个分享GMAT学习心得的日记贴

zoeklose1

我有一个贴介绍过自己的背景，其实感觉基础没有问题，因为长期在美帝工作，男盆友又是native speaker，我做题基本没有不认识的词，长难句也不是问题。看Manhattan的语法书什么的都是英文反而比较看的懂。但考完第二次以后砸了两万块上ZB的一对一结果考出600分也是让我质疑了人生很久（人生做的最蠢的决定没有之一）。

消沉加freak out了很久之后，现在又振作起来要考第四次了。这期间还换了次工作。

四月20号考试。
在学习的过程中会有些思考和收获，想发到这里来和大家交流下。

昨天把RC的题目总结完了，刚才在看scientific american休息一下，然后就开始想我要是gmac会怎么出题。自己出了几道，大家复习累了也可以来试着自己出题玩一下当休息了。文章我已经按G爸爸的思路调整过了。注意超链接我没去掉。编了一个正确答案一个陷阱答案。

Dentalerosion is one of the most common tooth problems in the world today. Fizzydrinks, fruit juice, wine, and other acidic food and drink areusually to blame, although perhaps surprisingly the way we clean our teeth also plays a role. This all makes it soundlike a rather modern issue. But research suggests actually humans have beensuffering dental erosion for millions of years. Recently, researchers havediscovered dental lesions remarkably similar to those caused by modern erosionon two 2.5m year-old front teeth from one of our extinct ancestors. This adds to theevidence that prehistoric humans and their predecessors suffered surprisinglysimilar dental problems to ourselves, despite our very different diets. Thereason may be another unlikely parallel. Erosive wear today is often alsoassociated with aggressive tooth brushing. Australopithecus africanus probably experiencedsimilar dental abrasion from eating tough and fibrous foods. For lesions toform, they would still have needed a diet high in acidic foods. Instead offizzy drinks, this probably came in the form of citrus fruits and acidicvegetables. For example, tubers (potatoes and the like) are tough to eat andsome can be surprisingly acidic, so they could have been a cause of thelesions.

Dentalerosion is extremely rare in the fossil record, although this might be becauseresearchers haven’t thought to look for evidence of it until now. But anothertype of problem, carious lesions or cavities, has been found more often infossilised teeth. Cavities are the most common cause of toothache today and arecaused by consuming starchy or sugary food and drink including grains. Theyare often considered a relatively modernproblem linked to the fact that the invention of farming introduced largeamounts of carbohydrates, and more recently refined sugar, to our diets.

Butrecent research suggests that cavities have now been found in tooth fossilsfrom nearly every prehistoric hominin species studied. They were probablycaused by eating certain fruits and vegetation as well as honey. These lesionswere often severe, as in the case of cavities found on the teeth of the newly discovered species, Homo naledi. Infact, these cavities were so deep they probably took yearsto form and would almost certainly have caused serious toothache.

Q1 What isthe function of the example of tubers in the first paragraph?

A To pointout a type of fruit that is acidic

B To mentiona possible cause that might have led to lesions

Q2 It can beinferred from the passage that compared to carious lesions, Dentalerosion,

A rarelyexists in tooth fossils

B is supportedby less evidence

Q 3according to the recent research, cavities are related to

A modern farming

B certainfruits and vegetation

zoeklose1

The industrial pollutants known as PCB's were first manufactured in 1929 and were used as coolants for electrical equipment in Europe and North America until the 1970's, when studies showed that the compounds had entered the food chain and were harmful to some animals.

(A) that the compounds had entered the food chain and were harmful to some animals.

(B) the compounds to have entered the food chain and be harmful to some animals

(C) the entry of the compounds into the food chain as harmful to some animals

(D) the entry of the compounds into the food chain and its harmfulness to animals

(E) the compounds entering into the food and harming some animals
show 后面是可以只跟名词的，比如he showed me a new laptop. 题目的考点是在时态：1970是一个时间点，studies showed和compounds enter是两个动作，第二个发生在第一个之前，所以要用完成时，才能体现出正确的顺序。B showed the compounds to have entered, showed +noun+infinitive clause是错误的。

zoeklose1

As sources of electrical power, windmills now account for only about 2,500 megawatts nationwide, but production is almost expected to double by the end of the year, which would provide enough electricity for 1.3 million households.
Aalmost expected to double by the end of the year, which would provide
Balmost expected that it will double by the end of the year, thus providing
Cexpected that it will almost double by the end of the year to provide
Dexpected almost to double by the end of the year and thus to provide
Eexpected almost to double by the end of the year, which would thus be providing
这题比指代不清更突出的考点是意思的平行。double 和provide都应该是对production的预计。C如果写成expected that it will almost double and will provide. 就对了

zoeklose1

Although she was considered among her contemporaries to be the better poet than her husband, later Elizabeth Barrett Browning was overshadowed by his success.

A Although she was considered among her contemporaries to be the better poet than her husband, later Elizabeth Barrett Browning was overshadowed by his success.

B Although Elizabeth Barrett Browning was considered among her contemporaries as a better poet than her husband, she was later overshadowed by his success.

C Later overshadowed by the success of her husband, Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s poetry had been considered among her contemporaries to be better than that of her husband.
D Although Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s success was later overshadowed by that of her husband, among her contemporaries she was considered the better poet
E Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s poetry was considered among her contemporaries as better than her husband, but her success was later overshadowed by his.

这题我以前做就是直接consider adj. 所有跟了介词的都是错的。但是想到不考固定搭配，那我们就来看看逻辑。几个平行： her success is shadowed by his success; her poetry is considered better than his; she is a better poet than him。答案里面刚好有个选项严格满足平行，必须选。
再来看干扰项的设置，为什么A和B不直接写？
A Although she was considered among her a better poet than her husband, later Elizabeth Barrett Browning was overshadowed by his success.

B Although Elizabeth Barrett Browning was considered among her contemporaries a better poet than her husband, she was later overshadowed by his success.
这样就不能用consider来做判断不是更难？我觉得GMAC的思路是如果都用正确的consider，答题者满上就会反应过来是要考平行，题目反而没有那么难了。故意放一些错误的固定搭配，答题者，尤其咱们这些非母语者很容易陷入“到底哪个固搭是正确的啊？“这个矛盾，忽略逻辑，花费很多时间，这才是真的陷阱。

zoeklose1

再举一个例子
Rock samples taken from the remains of an asteroid about twice the size of the 6-mile-wide asteroid that eradicated the dinosaurs has been dated to be 3.47 billion years old and thus is evidence of the earliest known asteroid impact on Earth.
Ahas been dated to be 3.47 billion years old and thus is
Bhas been dated at 3.47 billion years old and thus
Chave been dated to be 3.47 billion years old and thus are
Dhave been dated as being 3.47 billion years old and thus
Ehave been dated at 3.47 billion years old and thus are

之前我就纠结到底是dated at 还是dated as。根本不重要。主干是rock samples have been dated and thus are。注意verb agreement就可以了

zoeklose1

今天的一个领悟就是，SC考的真的不是语言而是逻辑。会有SC是因为英文的语法规则其实很多就是逻辑规则，像verb agreement，parallelism，modifier，verb tense这些其实都是在服务逻辑的。我说的不考语言，是idiom、生词这些表意的东西。 当然如果idiom错的很明显，用来当split会快，但是如果不知到固定搭配到底是什么，还是可以用逻辑判断做题的，因为一定不考你什么是对的固定搭配。举个例子。

Combining enormous physical strength with higher intelligence, the Neanderthals appear as equipped for facing any obstacle the environment could put in their path, but their relatively sudden disappearance during the Paleolithic era indicates that an inability to adapt to some environmental change led to their extinction.
A appear as equipped for facing any obstacle the environment could put in their path,  
B appear to have been equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their path,  
C appear as equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their paths,  
D appeared as equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their paths,  
E appeared to have been equipped for facing any obstacle the environment could put in their path
大家都纠结到底是appear to 还是appear as。 其实并不重要，重要的是Led to是一个时间点->had been equipped在之前发生->appear to have been equipped or had been appeared to be equipped. Appeared and led 是没有办法体现出先后顺序的。

再举个例子
Positing an enormous volcanic explosion at the end of the Permian period would explain the presence of a buried crater, account for the presence of the element iridium (originating deep within the earth), and the presence of quartz having been shattered by high-impact shock waves.
Aaccount for the presence of the element iridium (originating deep within the earth), and the presence of quartz having been  
Bof the element iridium (originating deep within the earth), and of quartz  
Cthe element iridium (originating deep within the earth), and explain the presence of quartz having been  
Dthe presence of the element iridium (originating deep within the earth), and explain presence of quartz  
Eexplain the element iridium (originating deep within the earth), and the presence of quartz
再一次的 GMAT不考语言考逻辑，所以是continue to usher 还是continue ushering，usher是什么意思，fair是什么意思都不重要。重要的是逻辑是有三个动作，winds ushers，a broad area of high pressure builds 和 bring某种weather。应该能推出两个都是某种climate elements，wind和high pressure，一起带来了某种weather，所以表现出正确的并列层级关系的，只有E。

zoeklose1

今天练习CR学到了一种新的脑洞，就是不要默认因果关系的结果不是原因。https://www.manhattanprep.com/gmat/articles/causation-cr.cfm Manhattan的解释在这里

clch

顶楼主！               

zoeklose1

720. Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.

一开始在想Ron不是说所有，verbing都是adv modifier不能修饰名词吗，为什么这题会对。然后发现这里是一对逗号，which makes it a noun modifier插入语。

zoeklose1

发现magoosh有两个解析限定性修饰和非限定性修饰，还有touching rule的文章，讲的很清楚。
https://magoosh.com/gmat/2012/gmat-grammar-vital-noun-modifiers/
https://magoosh.com/gmat/2012/that-vs-which-on-the-gmat/
还有egamt这篇也很好
https://gmatclub.com/forum/noun-modifiers-can-modify-slightly-far-away-noun-135868.html

take away
vital从句后面跟which引导的非限定性从句在GMAT里面是正确的，修饰对象需要看语义。怎么判断是不是vital就看移除从句后是否是去要表达的意思，或者能否把从句换一个位置。
The meal at the resturant， which  was delicious, cost me $100. 显然which修饰的是meal因为resturant不能delicous
但如果出现modifier直接修饰主语，那么>上述情况