求助：遇到有点绕的逻辑题怎么做？

Elihu2

感觉遇到逻辑比较复杂，情景又不是很了解的逻辑题时就会很懵逼
如果逻辑简单：A-->B -->C 即使不是很懂也能推测出； 如果逻辑不简单能get到meaning也会懂。可逻辑复杂又情景不熟的题根本无法入手。

In countries where automobile insuranceincludes compensation for whiplash injuries sustained in automobile accidents,reports of having suffered such injuries are twice as frequent as they are incountries where whiplash is not covered. Presently, no objective test forwhiplash exists, so it is true that spurious reports of whiplash injuriescannot be readily identified. Nevertheless, these facts do not warrant theconclusion drawn by some commentators that in the countries with the higherrates of reported whiplash injuries, half of the reported cases are spurious.Clearly, in countries where automobile insurance does not include compensationfor whiplash, people often have little incentive to report whiplash injuriesthat they actually have suffered.

这种题感觉就是很难懂~

ron给出了 flow diagram 的方法，


听着Ron 说，也似懂非懂。。

大家有什么好方法吗？

Elihu2

RichardVeritas 发表于 2017-10-20 21:27
The pharmaceutical industry argues the current 20 years of protection provided by patents should b ...

好的，万分感谢，原来是升级20年的专利（可以变为10年），明白了。看来我阅读功力需长进。

RichardVeritas

Elihu2 发表于 2017-10-20 12:29
感觉这是一个类比：选项说pharmaceutical industry和other industries的区别即可。但方向应该是 药专利ex ...

The pharmaceutical industry argues the current 20 years of protection provided by patents should be extended.
However, in other industries ... that the extension is unnecessary.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the pharmaceutical industry's argument against the challenge made above?

B：Clinical trials of new drugs, which occur after the patent is granted and before the new drug can be marketed, often now take as long as 10 years to complete.

D：An existing patent for a drug does not legally prevent pharmaceutical companies from bringing to market alternative drugs, provided they are sufficiently dissimilar to the patented drug.

pharmaceutical industry 说要延长20年专利，要不研发投资赚不回来
其它行业没有这个问题

要支持pharmaceutical industry ，我们要看这个行业有什么不同（需求或其它）
B说专利下来后10年才能卖，那给赚钱的时间不久少多了吗？尽管没有说其它行业，但B写的是药FDA批准，其它行业当然没有这个问题。
D无关到削弱-说即使有专利的一个现象考虑。即使有专利，其它药公司还是可以出竞争药，只要不太相似。这个对支持pharmaceutical industry要求专利延期，怎么会有支持？

Elihu2

RichardVeritas 发表于 2017-10-18 21:57
B

两个事物

感觉这是一个类比：选项说pharmaceutical industry和other industries的区别即可。但方向应该是 药专利expand可以recoup ,其他产业则不行。 B项初读觉得是专利无法recoup，所以立即就排除了，而且B项也没明确说 是与其他产业不同。A项易排除；C项several不能反应总体；E说专利没用，反了；反观D项，说现有的专利不满足->所以需要develop啊，不懂了~

RichardVeritas

Elihu2 发表于 2017-10-18 19:16
The pharmaceutical industry argues that because new drugs will not be developed unless heavy develop ...

B

两个事物
1. pharmaceutical industry，heavy development costs ，current 20 years of protection provided by patents should be extended
2. other industries，new-product development continues despite high development costs
反驳2，支持1，我们看1/2区别gap，紧扣是否会影响成本回收。不同行业，可以有太多区别。
B说药专利下来后还要等10年才能销售卖钱。这就是和其它行业不同的一个地方，而且直接影响20年期限和成本回收。

其它也很好排除。

Elihu2

The pharmaceutical industry argues that because new drugs will not be developed unless heavy development costs can be recouped in later sales, the current 20 years of protection provided by patents should be extended in the case of newly developed drugs. However, in other industries new-product development continues despite high development costs, a fact that indicates that the extension is unnecessary.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the pharmaceutical industry's argument against the challenge made above?

A：No industries other than the pharmaceutical industry have asked for an extension of the 20-year limit on patent protection.

B：Clinical trials of new drugs, which occur after the patent is granted and before the new drug can be marketed, often now take as long as 10 years to complete.

C：There are several industries in which the ratio of research and development costs to revenues is higher than it is in the pharmaceutical industry.

D：An existing patent for a drug does not legally prevent pharmaceutical companies from bringing to market alternative drugs, provided they are sufficiently dissimilar to the patented drug.

E：Much recent industrial innovation has occurred in products—example, in the computer and electronics industries—which patent protection is often very ineffective.

這題怎麼都不懂，大神幫忙啊

═☆梦☆依旧

Elihu2 发表于 2017-9-7 13:57
好总结啊~
再求教一下大神：像这种 development & judgment 如何判断？ 只是看句意很浪费时间。
(D) The  ...

只要思考下它是否是客观存在的东西就行。development无法被你的主观意识左右，所以是事实。judgement就不用说了，都说了是判断了那当然是观点了。

GPSGWJ

═☆梦☆依旧 发表于 2017-9-5 09:34
Boldface是最简单的，只需要看两个内容：
文字性质（事实还是结论）
论证方向（看两个黑体字之间有无导致语 ...

同意！               

Elihu2

ai559031 发表于 2017-9-4 13:48
理解句子作用即可：
第一句話是在闡述一個現象/一件事,很顯然不會是一個claim--> 刪AB
第二句話則是一個觀 ...

真好，现在又看了一遍，感觉豁然开朗~           

Elihu2

═☆梦☆依旧 发表于 2017-9-5 09:34
Boldface是最简单的，只需要看两个内容：
文字性质（事实还是结论）
论证方向（看两个黑体字之间有无导致语 ...

好总结啊~
再求教一下大神：像这种 development & judgment 如何判断？ 只是看句意很浪费时间。
(D) The first is a development thatthe argument seeks to explain; the second is a prediction the argument makes insupport of the explanation it offers.

(E) The first presents adevelopment whose likely outcome is at issue in the argument; the second is ajudgment the argument uses in support of its conclusion about that outcome.