逻辑 段落里头每一句话的作用

Felix_T

刷了一些逻辑题以后，我发现对问句子作用的题目掌握得很差，比如说bf题目，或者说问arguement作用的题目 。有的时候我都不能确定哪一句是arguement，哪一个是conclusion.

比如这题：
Debater: The average amount of overtime per month worked by an employee in the manufacturing division of the Haglut Corporation is 14 hours. Most employees of the Haglut Corporation work in the manufacturing division. Furthermore, the average amount of overtime per month worked by any employee in the company generally does not fluctuate much from month to month. Therefore, each month, most employees of the Haglut Corporation almost certainly work at least some overtime.

The debater's argument is most vulnerable to criticism on which of these grounds?
A It takes for granted that the manufacturing division is a typical division of the corporation with regard to the average amount of overtime its employees work each month.
B It takes for granted that if a certain average amount of overtime is worked each month by each employee of the Haglut Corporation, then approximately the same amount of overtime must be worked each month by each employee of the manufacturing division.
C It confuses a claim from which the argument's conclusion about the Haglut Corporation would necessarily follow with a claim that would follow from the argument's conclusion only with a high degree of probability.
D It overlooks the possibility that even if, on average, a certain amount of overtime is worked by the members of some group, many members of that group may work no overtime at all.
E It overlooks the possibility that even if most employees of the corporation work some overtime each month, any one corporate employee may, in some months, work no overtime..


还有这个bf题目：
Delta Products Inc. has recently switched at least partly from older technologies using fossil fuels to new technologies powered by electricity. The question has been raised whether it can be concluded that for a given level of output Delta's operation now causes less fossil fuel to be consumed than it did formerly. The answer, clearly, is yes, since the amount of fossil fuel used to generate the electricity needed to power the new technologies is less than the amount needed to power the older technologies, provided level of output is held constant.

In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?
A the first identifies the content of the conclusion of the argument; the second provides support for that conclusion.
B The first provides support for the conclusion of the argument; the second identifies the content of that conclusion.
C The first states the conclusion of the argument; the second calls that conclusion into question.
D The first provides support for the conclusion of the argument; the second calls that conclusion into question.
E Each provides support for the conclusion of the argument.



请问一下怎么样在能把这一类题目或者说逻辑结构理顺？

Ly2016

Felix_T 发表于 2017-7-28 15:06
谢谢！

所以一般来说是premise assumption conclution 三个部分么？那么bf句子中会出现的support 或者 e ...

assumption是作者根据premise推出evidence的逻辑过程，是文段中隐含的内容而非写出来的内容，bf 中的support和evidence一般说的都是premise

Felix_T

Ly2016 发表于 2017-7-28 11:49
第一个题目的逻辑链是: 因为生产部的平均加班时间是14小时，又因为生产部的员工占大多数——（推出）大多数 ...

谢谢！

所以一般来说是premise assumption conclution 三个部分么？那么bf句子中会出现的support 或者 evidence的作用一般是用于上面三个部分的哪一个部分的？

Ly2016

第一个题目的逻辑链是: 因为生产部的平均加班时间是14小时，又因为生产部的员工占大多数——（推出）大多数的公司员工平均加班时间14小时——（推出结论）公司大多数的人每月都会加班。其中第一步的推出前提是大多数或者几乎所有的生产部的员工都会加班。而这个前提是有纰漏的，而选项D就是这个纰漏点

第二题：第一个bf 句子很明显给的是客观的事实，第二个bf句子的结论句是以疑问句的形式给出的，其后的answer yes 也指出这个结论是整个argument支持的而不是反对的，再后面就是结论相应的论据了

argument指的是由premise assumption conclusion三部分组成的推理过程，而从conclusion就是单纯的作者的论点了，一般是观点句，还有可能是方案得目的