小安阅读63篇 17/63

vi.len

Prior to 1975, union efforts to organize public-sector clerical workers, most of whom are women, were somewhat limited. The factors favoring unionization drives seem to have been either the presence of large numbers of workers, as in New York City, to make it worth the effort, or the concentration of small numbers in one or two locations, such as a hospital, to make it relatively easy. Receptivity to unionization on the workers’ part was also a consideration, but when there were large numbers involved or the clerical workers were the only unorganized group in a jurisdiction, the multi-occupational unions would often try to organize them regardless of the workers’ initial receptivity. The strategic reasoning was based,2 first, on the concern that politicians and administrators might play off (to set in opposition for one's own gain从中渔利；在…之间挑拨离间) unionized against non-unionized workers, and, second, on the conviction that a fully unionized public work force meant power, both at the bargaining table and in the legislature2. In localities where clerical workers were few in number, were scattered in several workplaces, and expressed no interest in being organized, unions more often than not ignored them in the pre-1975 period.
But since the mid-1970’s, a different strategy has emerged. In 1977, 34 percent of government clerical workers were represented by a labor organization, compared with 46 percent of government professionals, 44 percent of government blue-collar workers, and 41 percent of government service workers.1 Since then, however, the biggest increases in public-sector unionization have been among clerical workers. Between 1977 and 1980, the number of unionized government workers in blue-collar and service occupations increased only about 1.5 percent, while in the white-collar occupations the increase was 20 percent and among clerical workers in particular, the increase was 22 percent.

What accounts for this upsurge in unionization among clerical workers? First, mor-e women have entered the work force in the past few years, and more of them plan to remain working until retirement age. Consequently, they are probably more concerned than their predecessors were about job security and economic benefits. Also, the women’s movement has succeeded in legitimizing the economic and political activism of women on their own behalf, thereby producing a more positive attitude toward unions. The absence of any comparable increase in unionization among private-sector clerical workers, however, identifies the primary catalyst—the structural change in the multi-occupational public-sector unions themselves. Over the past twenty years, the occupational distribution in these unions has been steadily shifting from predominantly blue-collar to predominantly white-collar. Because there are far more women in white-collar jobs, an increase in the proportion of female members has accompanied the occupational shift and has altered union policy-making in favor of organizing women and addressing women’s issues.


我对文中标黄的这句话不是很能理解。 按照句子意思是说“34%的政府员工被劳工组织呈现出来，并和46%的的GP,44%的BC和41%的SW作比较 ”？
这样翻译的话：1、只是一个陈述事实现象的句子吧，为什么是 new strategy啊？按照逻辑这种时候不是应该介绍介绍strategy是什么吗？
2、46+44+41+34=145，已经超过百分之百了啊，什么逻辑？

文章的结构已经弄懂了，虽然其实这句话对理解全文的结构并没有实际的大影响，但是想不明白实在是好痛苦。麻烦NN帮我解释一下。谢谢！

vi.len

Maxcorn 发表于 2016-9-26 13:34
34 percent of government clerical workers were represented by a labor organization
46 percent of gov ...

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Maxcorn

34 percent of government clerical workers were represented by a labor organization
46 percent of government professionals  were represented by a labor organization
44 percent of government blue-collar workers  were represented by a labor organization
41 percent of government service workers were represented by a labor organization