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Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
A certain cultivated herb is one of a group of closely related plants that thrive in soil with high concentrations of metals that are toxic to most other plants. Agronomists studying the herb have discovered that it produces large amounts of histidine, an amino acid that, in test-tube solutions, renders these metals chemically inert. Possibly, therefore, the herb's high histidine production is what allows it to grow in metal-rich soils, a hypothesis that would gain support if ______.

正确答案: E

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发表于 2016-2-12 22:48:45 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |正序浏览 |阅读模式

Which of the following most logically completes the argument?
A certain cultivated herb is one of a group of closely related plants that thrive in soil with high concentrations of metals that are toxic to most other plants. Agronomists studying the herb have discovered that it produces large amounts of histidine, an amino acid that, in test-tube solutions, renders these metals chemically inert. Possibly, therefore, the herb's high histidine production is what allows it to grow in metal-rich soils, a hypothesis that would gain support if ______.

  • Ahistidine is found in all parts of the plant-roots, stem, leaves, and flowers  分析A选项
  • Bthe herb's high level of histidine production is found to be associated with an unusually low level of production of other amino acids  分析B选项
  • Cothers of the closely related group of plants are also found to produce histidine in large quantities  分析C选项
  • Dcultivation of the herb in soil with high concentrations of the metals will, over an extended period, make the soil suitable for plants to which the metals are toxic  分析D选项
  • Ethe concentration of histidine in the growing herb declines as the plant approaches maturity  分析E选项
这道正确答案选C,有大牛能解释下吗?谢谢!

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9#
发表于 2017-3-24 02:01:22 | 只看该作者
顶C 因为根本没有强调grow是成长的概念,应该只是general的生存。还是C直接一点,不用刻意细分
8#
发表于 2016-5-9 21:35:50 | 只看该作者
alzn2765 发表于 2016-5-7 12:41
反例:
中国人可以讲话是因为中国人有两条腿(显然是错误的归因)
加强:黑人白人地球人都有两条腿,黑人 ...

大神,不较真的说OG16有这题……
的确选C,我相信大神的推理,但不用质疑正确答案啦
以下是弱弱的分析,大神见笑。
如果从inductive reasoning的角度上说,strengthen是无需证明结论的正确性的,只需要让结论成立的几率提高1%即可。
从这个角度上讲,线性相关是因果条件的必要条件,那么也就是说如果有这个线性相关的话因果不必然成立,但没有线性相关的话新国必然不成立。
现在C选项说的确存在这样的线性相关性,那么也就是向着因果性的方向前进了一步。
无论最终因果性是否证实,C选项都在这个论证过程中做了contribution所以可以认为是加强了结论。

7#
发表于 2016-5-7 12:41:20 | 只看该作者
邢若琳 发表于 2016-4-24 01:35
这题的确是C
OG16收录了这题。
A certain cultivated herb is one of a group of closely related plants t ...

反例:
中国人可以讲话是因为中国人有两条腿(显然是错误的归因)
加强:黑人白人地球人都有两条腿,黑人白人地球人都可以讲话。

因为最开始的归因就是错误的,即使扩大了sample base,归因依然错误,无法改变“有两条腿”只是地球人一个跟“可以讲话”毫无关系的共同存在的特点的事实。

如果这题要加强的是“相关性”,则C可以是正确答案。
但是题干说的是“the herb's high histidine production is what allows it to grow in metal-rich soils”,这说的是“因果关系”,则扩大sample base不可以加强。反例就是上面的例子。
6#
发表于 2016-4-24 01:37:58 | 只看该作者
the concentration of histidine in the growing herb declines as the plant approaches maturity。
至于成熟了就不长了的说法完全是脑补,文章没有任何信息提供这一规则。属于无关信息
5#
发表于 2016-4-24 01:35:41 | 只看该作者
这题的确是C
OG16收录了这题。
A certain cultivated herb is one of a group of closely related plants that thrive in soil with high concentrations of metals that are toxic to most other plants. Agronomists studying the herb have discovered that it produces large amounts of histidine, an amino acid that, in test-tube solutions, renders these metals chemically inert. Possibly, therefore, the herb's high histidine production is what allows it to grow in metal-rich soils, a hypothesis that would gain support if ______.

破题点在标黑那个地方,如果others of closely related group of plants和那个a certain cultivated有同样属性也有同样的结果的话,那么可以从线性因果上加强。
地板
发表于 2016-4-22 09:04:52 | 只看该作者
cc4college 发表于 2016-4-22 06:59
额。。。。这道题是OG里的,og的答案就是这么给的。但是它的解释还是没看懂。 ...

打个比方:
中国人可以讲话是因为中国人有两条腿(显然是错误的归因)
加强:黑人白人地球人都有两条腿
因为最开始的归因就是错误的,即使扩大了sample base,归因依然错误,无法改变“有两条腿”只是地球人一个跟“可以讲话”毫无关系的共同特点的事实。
板凳
发表于 2016-4-22 06:59:53 | 只看该作者
alzn2765 发表于 2016-2-13 11:55
哥们,你已经第二次问一道答案错误的题了。。。我建议你换本书做题。

这题答案选E

额。。。。这道题是OG里的,og的答案就是这么给的。但是它的解释还是没看懂。
沙发
发表于 2016-2-13 11:55:39 | 只看该作者
哥们,你已经第二次问一道答案错误的题了。。。我建议你换本书做题。

这题答案选E
果因推理找加强
前提(果):grow in metal-rich soils
结论(因):high histidine production

果--->因

非因:NOT high histidine production  对应 the conentration of the histidine declines
非果:NOT grow 对应  the plant approaches maturity (成熟就不长了)

E就是非因非果的加强。

C选项完全起不到加强作用:即使the whole group of the plants都产生histidine也无法支持histidine是让他们得以在metal-rich soil生长的原因,the hypothesis依然还是那个hypothesis。扩大了sample base对于因果关系没有任何作用。
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