附件中是详细内容。下面是机警和摘要 Many organisms convey false signals to mislead their prey or predators. Some orb-weaving spiders build conspicuous structures on webs called decorations. Web decorations and spider colorations are both suggested to be important signals involved in interactions between spiders and other organisms. There are several hypotheses about the functions of signaling by decorations, among which prey attraction had received much support, but empirical evidence regarding predator defense is controversial. In this study, we conducted field experiments to investigate the effects of spider decoration and coloration on insect interception rates of webs built by Argiope aemula and to evaluate whether presence of decorations may decrease predation risk of spiders. Decorated webs with spiders present had the highest prey interception rate, followed by undecorated webs with spiders, and then undecorated webs without spiders. Such results indicated that decorations of Argiope spiders functioned as visual lures, and so did spiders’ bright body colorations. In the field, almost all wasp attack events occurred on medium-sized spiders rather than on large ones. Moreover, medium-sized Arg. aemula on decorated webs received far more attacks than those on undecorated webs. Results of this study thus show that the signals conveyed by decorations can visually lure prey but at the cost of an increased predation risk.
(29)蜘蛛网作用 版本1 有一种spider,名字是A. M.什么的,织网很漂亮,有web decoration, 虽然吸引很多小虫子食物,也吸引一种AM的天敌。天敌只捕食中小型蜘蛛,大家就认为只有大型蜘蛛才decorate,可是观察发现中小型蜘蛛更喜欢decorate。问which one can best explain 这种现象。 选项里有两个很快就被排除了,我记得3个:1,蜘蛛的主要食物不是小虫(那还装饰干吗?找天敌??)2,小蜘蛛织的网比大蜘蛛的大;3,如果蜘蛛的食物不够就发育慢。最后选了3,觉得这个比其他靠谱些。这是一道前10 的,读得很仔细,可觉得答案还是不理想。我把能回忆出来的细节都写下来,有可能不准确,可写多些也许能帮别人回忆起来。
版本2 (3月18日) 再讲一个CR难题。 机警里提到过,关于spider的。我觉得挺难,但是应该做对了吧。。 内容:发现有一种A. XX的蜘蛛,它们很喜欢结一种网,而且装饰的很花哨。 因为研究发现,这种网decorate越精致,捕获食物概率越高。可是话锋一转,说,也有不好之处,越decorated的网,反而越容易吸引这种A蜘蛛的天敌 -- XX wasp (这里我确定是wasp,记得原来的机警好像稍有出入。) 虽然wasp是这种A蜘蛛的天敌,但是Wasp discriminated的仅选择吃中小型号的A蜘蛛,不吃大号的(读到这里我就很费解了。。难道怕噎着。。)。。。 文章接着说,据以上提供的信息,我们应该可以预测,大A蜘蛛应该比中小型A蜘蛛更倾向于织复杂的网。。 然而。话锋又一转,说,根据实地的研究情况,反而是很多大A蜘蛛都不结这么复杂的网。 题目:以下那个信息可以解释文章结尾部分的discrepancy between 期望与实地考察结果。 大概有两项是相关项,剩下很好排除。 1.A蜘蛛能长多大取决于它能吃多少食物。 2.A蜘蛛并不仅仅依赖于网来捕获食物。 (我选2,我的逻辑:A蜘蛛是分派系的,一类纯粹靠编织很复杂的网,争取在没有被wasp干掉之前,吃到足够大。但是很难,于是乎有幸长到大号A蜘蛛的,多数不算这个派系; 第二个派系,就是不一定依靠网来扑食,它们可以靠别的方法,于是比较安全,很少被Wasp发现,于是解释了为什么长大的A蜘蛛多数不会编织这种很复杂吸引天敌的网。) 我觉得这题我选的没错,tricky在于,乍看这个选项,很可能就当作无关项排除掉了。。
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