GWD16-7,没找到以前讨论

arig

    

      The term
“episodic memory” was

    

      introduced by Tulving to refer to what he

    

      considered a uniquely human capacity—

    

Line     the
ability to recollect specific past events,

    

  (5)   to
travel back into the past in one’s own

    

mind—as distinct from the capacity simply

    

to use information acquired through past

    

experiences. 
Subsequently, Clayton et al.

    

developed criteria to test for episodic

    

 (10)   memory
in animals.  According to these

    

criteria, episodic memories are not of

    

individual bits of information; they involve

    

multiple components of a single event

    

“bound” together. 
Clayton sought to

    

 (15)   examine
evidence of scrub jays’ accurate

    

memory of “what,” “where,” and “when”

    

information and their binding of this infor-

    

mation. 
In the wild, these birds store food

    

for retrieval later during periods of food

    

 (20)   scarcity.  Clayton’s experiment required

    

      jays to remember the type, location, and

    

      freshness of stored food based on a unique

    

learning event. 
Crickets were stored in one

    

location and peanuts in another.  Jays

    

 (25)   prefer
crickets, but crickets degrade

    

more quickly. 
Clayton’s birds switched

    

their preference from crickets to peanuts

    

once the food had been stored for a certain

    

length of time, showing that they retain

    

 (30)   information
about the what, the where,

    

and the when. 
Such experiments cannot,

    

however, reveal whether the birds were

    

      reexperiencing the past when retrieving
the

    

information. 
Clayton acknowledged this by

    

using the term “episodic-like” memory.

    

Q7:

    

It can be inferred
from the passage that both Tulving and Clayton would agree with which of the
following statements?

    

 

    

A.    Animals’ abilities to use information about
a specific past event are not conclusive evidence of episodic memory.

    

B.    Animals do not share humans’ abilities to
reexperience the past through memory.

    

C.    The accuracy of animals’ memories is
difficult to determine through direct experimentation.

    

D.   Humans tend to recollect single bits of
information more accurately than do animals.

    

E.    The binding of different kinds of
information is not a distinctive feature of episodic memory

原参考答案A，怎么找不到定位？