求问一个关于职业歧视的阅读

19900620

Historians of women’s labor in the United States at first
largely disregarded the story of female service workers
-women earning wages in occupations such as salesclerk.
domestic servant, and office secretary. These historians
(5) focusedinstead on factory work, primarily because it
 seemed so different from traditional, unpaid “women’s
 work” in the home, and because the underlying economic
 forces of industrialism were presumed to be gender-blind
 and hence emancipatory in effect. Unfortunately, emanci-
(10) pation has been less profound than expected, for not even
  industrialwage labor has escaped continued sex segre-
 gation in the workplace.
To explain this unfinished revolution in thestatus of
 women, historians have recently begun to emphasize the
( 15) way a prevailing definition of femininity often etermines
 the kinds of work allocated to women, even when such
 allocation is inappropriate to new conditions. For instance,
 early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying women’s
 employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption
(20) that women were bynature skillful at detailed tasks and
 patient in carrying out repetitive chores; the mill owners
 thus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereo-
 types associated with the homemaking activities they
 presumed to have been the purview of women. Because
(25) women accepted the more unattractive newindustrial tasks
 more readily than did men, such jobs came to be regarded
  asfemale jobs. And employers, who assumed that women’s
 “real” aspirations were for marriage and family life.
 declined to pay women wages commensurate with those of
(30) men. Thus manylower-skilled, lower-paid, less secure jobs
 came to be perceived as “female.”
  More remarkable than the origin has been the persistence
 ofsuch sex segregation in twentieth-century industry. Once
 anoccupation came to be perceived as “female.” employers
(35) showed surprisingly little interest in changing that
perception, even when higher profits beckoned. Anddespite
 theurgent need of the United States during the Second
World War to mobilize its human resources fully, job
segregation by sex characterized even the most important
40) war industries. Moreover, once the war ended, employers
quickly returned to men most of the “male” jobs that
 women had been permitted to master.


原文是这个

19900620

According to the passage, historians of women’s labor
 focused on factory work as a more promising area of
 research than service-sector work because factory work
 (A) involved the payment of higher wages

 (B) required skill in detailed tasks
 (C) was assumed to be less characterized by sex
    segregation
 (D) was more readily accepted by women than by men
 (E) fitted the economic dynamic of industrialism better

答案给的是C，可是我看不出来作者哪里assume了factory work 是less  characterized by sex segregation呀？

19900620

6. The passage supports which of the following statements
 about hiring policies in the United States?
 (A) After a crisis many formerly “male” jobs are
    reclassified as “female” jobs.
 (B) Industrial employers generally prefer to hire women
    with previous experience as homemakers.
 (C) Post-Second World War hiring policies caused
    women to lose many of their wartime gains in
    employment opportunity.
 (D) Even war industries during the Second World War
    were reluctant to hire women for factory work.
 (E) The service sector of the economy has proved more
    nearly gender-blind in its hiring policies than has the
    manufacturing sector.


答案给的是C，可是我同样看不出来作者哪里支持了妇女战后失去了战争期间岗位的这种政策的论据啊？

19900620

感觉自己真心弱爆了

wangbo223

回答 1

看這一句

>> and because the underlying economic forces of industrialism were presumed to be gender-blind and hence emancipatory in effect.

這就說明factory job "presumed" to be gender-blind, 和C的答案less characterized by sex 一致


回答 2
看這一句

>> . Moreover, once the war ended, employers quickly returned to men most of the “male” jobs that women had been permitted to master.

這說明了再wartime時候gained的women jobs 又重新回到了male的手裡。 和答案C，women to lose many their wartime gains一致

19900620

回答 1

看這一句

>> and because the underlying economic forces of industrialism were presumed to be gender-blind and hence emancipatory in effect.

這就說明factory job "presumed" to be gender-blind, 和C的答案less characterized by sex 一致


回答 2
看這一句

>> . Moreover, once the war ended, employers quickly returned to men most of the “male” jobs that women had been permitted to master.

這說明了再wartime時候gained的women jobs 又重新回到了male的手裡。 和答案C，women to lose many their wartime gains一致

-- by 会员 wangbo223 (2012/4/8 7:21:28)

很感谢LZ的解释，第一问题我懂了。




但是第二个问题，这个题干不是在问本文中支持美国就业政策的论据吗？
作者不是对美国这种sex-biased 就业政策不是持负评价吗？
而C选项是不是进一步论证美国就业政策的歧视性吗？