晚上做题遇到OG RC第24篇 技术决定论和社会建构论，真的是醉了，求大神解救！！！

lovetvfxq

OG第24篇关于技术决定论和社会建构论，其中第三段：The constructivists gain acceptance by misrepresenting technological determinism: technological determinists are supposed to believe, for example, that machinery imposes appropriate forms of order on society. The alternative to constructivism, in other words, is to view technology as existing outside society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization. 这段应该怎么翻译呀？the alternative to 是翻译成替代还是相反的意思呢？最后一句是讲的社会决定论者认为的技术决定论者的观点还是本身就是技术决定论的观点？这跟前面的歪解又有什么关系呢，，，，我看有人是这样翻译的：【构建主义者通过扭曲技术决定论获得应可，他们说技术决定论相信，例如，机械把适当的制度形式强制实施于社会。换句话说，替代社会构建论的是把技术论看作存在于社会之外，可以直接影响技能和工作制度的。】。他这个换一句话说说的跟前面完全不是一个意思吧。。而且原文前面讲的技术决定论的观点是技术决定社会，这段最后一句说的也是技术决定社会，这就不是歪解了呀，，好矛盾，，，实在是醉了，，，，附原文！！
Jon Clark's study of the effect of the modernization of a telephone exchange on exchange maintenance work and workers is a solid contribution to a debate that encompasses two lively issues in the history and sociology of technology: technological determinism and social constructivism.
Clark makes the point that the characteristics of a technology have a decisive influence on job skills and work organization. Put more strongly, technology can be a primary determinant of social and managerial organization. Clark believes this possibility has been obscured by the recent sociological fashion, exemplified by Braverman's analysis, that emphasizes the way machinery reflects social choices. For Braverman, the shape of a technological system is subordinate to the manager's desire to wrest control of the labor process from the workers. Technological change is construed as the outcome of negotiations among interested parties who seek to incorporate their own interests into the design and configuration of the machinery. This position represents the new mainstream called social constructivism.
The constructivists gain acceptance by misrepresenting technological determinism: technological determinists are supposed to believe, for example, that machinery imposes appropriate forms of order on society. The alternative to constructivism, in other words, is to view technology as existing outside society, capable of directly influencing skills and work organization.
Clark refutes the extremes of the constructivists by both theoretical and empirical arguments. Theoretically he defines "technology" in terms of relationships between social and technical variables. Attempts to reduce the meaning of technology to cold, hard metal are bound to fail, for machinery is just scrap unless it is organized functionally and supported by appropriate systems of operation and maintenance. At the empirical level Clark shows how a change at the telephone exchange from maintenance-intensive electromechanical switches to semielectronic switching systems altered work tasks, skills, training opportunities, administration, and organization of workers. Some changes Clark attributes to the particular way management and labor unions negotiated the introduction of the technology, whereas others are seen as arising from the capabilities and nature of the technology itself. Thus Clark helps answer the question: "When is social choice decisive and when are the concrete characteristics of technology more important?"
谢谢大家！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！晚上做这样的阅读岂止是心塞简直是失眠加减寿！！！！！！

lovetvfxq

每次都要沉！！！！！！！！！！不要沉啊，，，，，求解答谢谢大家了

旺财财

顶一下~~~明天看看

xiaohan210

做阅读练心态真是爽

lovetvfxq

旺财财 发表于 2014-7-30 21:39
顶一下~~~明天看看

快来看看噢！！！！

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xiaohan210 发表于 2014-8-1 22:25
做阅读练心态真是爽

看了，亲，这个问题其实是说The alternative to constructivism~~这句话说的就是The constructivists gain acceptance by misrepresenting technological determinism: technological determinists are supposed to believe, for example, that machinery imposes appropriate forms of order on society前面这句话的supporting ideas~~进一步说明CONSTRRUCTIVES的观点怎样区别于TD这个理论
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