GWD-31-Q20-Q23 人直立行走 是否答案错误

allen0018

    

1.       
GWD-31-Q20-Q23 人直立行走

    

Anthropologists once thought that
the ancestors of modern humans began to walk upright because it freed their
hands to use stone tools, which they had begun to make as the species evolved a
brain of increased size and mental capacity. But discoveries of the three-million-year-old
fossilized remains of our hominid ancestor Australopithecus have yielded substantial
anatomical evidence that upright
walking appeared prior to the dramatic enlargement of
the brain and the development of stone tools.
            

    

 

    

Walking on two legs in an upright posture
(bipedal locomotion) is a less efficient proposition than walking on all fours
(quadrupedal locomotion) because several muscle groups that the quadruped uses
for propulsion must instead to (?) provide the biped with stability and
control. The shape and configuration of various bones must likewise be modified
to allow the muscles to perform these functions in upright walking. Reconstruction of the pelvis
(hipbones) and femur (thighbone) of “Lucy”, a three-million-year-old skeleton
that is the most complete fossilized skeleton from the australopithecine era,
has shown that they are much more like the corresponding bones of the modern
human than like those of the most closely related living primate, the
quadrupedal chimpanzee. Lucy’s wide, shallow pelvis is actually better
suited to bipedal walking than is the rounder, bowl-like pelvis of the modern
human, which (?) evolved to form the larger birth canal needed to accommodate
the head of a large-brained human infant. By contrast, the head of Lucy’s baby
could have been no larger than that of a baby chimpanzee.

    

 

    

If the
small-brained australopithecines were not toolmakers, what evolutionary advantage did they gain by
walking upright? (Line 50) One theory is that bipedality evolved in
conjunction with the nuclear family: monogamous parents cooperating to care for
their offspring. Walking upright permitted the father to use his hands to
gather food and carry it to his mate from a distance, allowing the mother to
devote more time and energy to nurturing and protecting their children.
According to this view, the transition to bipedal walking may have occurred as
long as ten million years ago, at the time of the earliest hominids, making it
a crucial initiating event in human evolution.

    




    

22: According
to the passage, the hominid australopithecine most closely resembled a modern
human with respect to which of the following characteristics?？？？？？？？？？？？？？？

    

A: brain size

    

B: tool making ability

    

C: shape of
the pelvis
            

    

D:
method of locomotion

    

E: preference for certain foods

请参考对应的红色部分，谢谢

            

livetofly

I strongly support your choice, Q.22 's ans should be C. But most ppl believe that D is right,maybe they just did not notice the highlighted portion.

livetofly

sorry that after my revision of the question 22, i changed my mind. D should be the correct answer. As in the passage that immediately followed the red highlighted portion, we can read that the shape of Lucy's pelvis is different from human's. therefore the answer cannot be C.

Instead, in D, the mentioned "method" actually refers to second sentence of the second paragraph, where we can find that the "method" is actually the modification of "shape and configuration of various bones". i.e. Both human and hominid austraiopithecine perform locomotion by the same modification of body structure. 

benja

但是这一题D是怎么选出来的了？

celiachen

23题我选的是D，能否解释一下为什么选A而不选D

23: The primary purpose of the passage is to

D A

A.          present an interpretation of the chronological relationship between bipedal locomotion and certain other key aspects of human evolution

B.           compare the evolutionary advantages and disadvantages of bipedal locomotion to those of quadrupedal locomotion

C.          argue that the transition to a nuclear family structure was a more crucial step in human evolution than was the development of stone tools

D.          analyze anatomical evidence of bipedal locomotion to show that the large brain of modern humans developed at a later stage of evolution than was previously believed

E.           use examples of muscle and bone structure to illustrate the evolutionary differences between modern humans, australopithecines, and chimpanzees

celiachen

以下是引用celiachen在2008-11-28 12:53:00的发言：

23题我选的是D，能否解释一下为什么选A而不选D

23: The primary purpose of the passage is to

D A
    

A.          present an interpretation of the chronological relationship between bipedal locomotion and certain other key aspects of human evolution

B.           compare the evolutionary advantages and disadvantages of bipedal locomotion to those of quadrupedal locomotion

C.          argue that the transition to a nuclear family structure was a more crucial step in human evolution than was the development of stone tools

D.          analyze anatomical evidence of bipedal locomotion to show that the large brain of modern humans developed at a later stage of evolution than was previously believed
                

E.           use examples of muscle and bone structure to illustrate the evolutionary differences between modern humans, australopithecines, and chimpanzees

自己看明白了，很狡猾，文章只说了直立和大脑发育的相对先后次序，并没有说具体的时间

做阅读的时候，要小心选项，这题就是ETS的典型出题套路

下次可不能中了老美的招

 

[此贴子已经被作者于2009-2-4 18:44:04编辑过]

fk1984

我怎么看不见回复的帖子阿

伊布拉莫维琨

伊布拉莫维琨

pwss