ELSAT test 1-IV-23，25 Just as a bicycle chain may be too tight, so may one’s carefulness and conscientiousness be so tense as to hinder the running of one’s mind. Which one of the following most closely parallels the reasoning used in the argument above?
(A) Just as a clock may be wound too tightly, so may one’s time be spent fruitlessly in the pursuit of perfection
(B) Just as a carousel may spin too quickly, so may one’s rapid concentration on several problems prevent a resolution of difficulties.
(C) Just as a machine may be oiled too much, so may one’s heavy drinking of alcoholic beverages lead to complete dissipation
(D) Just as a raging river may be frozen into stillness during the winter, so may one’s career falter at certain times of the year
(E) Just as a boxer may become too tense before a big fight, so may one’s personal concerns stand in the way of professional success 答案为什么是B？ 25. All of the best comedians have had unhappy childhoods. Yet, many people who have had happy childhoods are good comedians, and some good comedians who have had miserably unhappy childhoods are happy adults.
If the statements in the passage are true, which one of the following CANNOT be true?
(A) The proportion of good comedians who had unhappy childhoods is greater than the proportion of the best comedians who did.
(B) Some good comedians have had unhappy childhoods and are unhappy adults.
(C) Most of the best comedians are happy adults.
(D) More good comedians have had unhappy childhoods than have had happy childhoods.
(E) The proportion of comedians who are happy adults is higher than the proportion who are unhappy adults.
25题我选A. 文中说：100%最好的（best）喜剧演员都有不幸的童年。然而很多好的(good)喜剧演员有幸福童年。有些好的演员哪怕童年不幸，长大了也幸福了。 a) 好的喜剧演员童年不幸的比率比最好的喜剧演员要高。 这是不可能的，因为最好的演员的不幸童年是100%(All of the best comedians). 其他的选项虽然不一定发生，但都是有可能发生的，而不是cannot be true.
翻译如下，希望能帮助理解， 正如自行车链条会上得过紧，过多的仔细和认真反而会妨碍人的思维。 a) 正如钟的发条会上得过紧，对完美的追求会使人浪费过多时间而无结果 b) 正如旋转木马会转得太快，对几个问题的快速专注反而会妨碍问题的解决。 c) 正如机器油不能上得太多，酒精喝得太多会导致人的放纵。 d) 正如奔腾的河流冬天也会结冰，人的职业生涯在一年间也会有波折。 e) 正如拳击手在重大比赛前会过于紧张，个人在事业成功上的关注也会遇到相同情况。
我认为b是对的。这道题主要的比喻在于：拿一个物体的例子，来说明物极必反，出发点是个好的动机，然而做过头了，你想要得反而得不到。另外，句子结构的并列也很重要 句子主要结构是：Just as A, so may B 妨碍或阻止 C.
非常感谢thinkpad. 你对23题的解释非常好，很明白。 对25题，我还是拿不准。能否请你再解释一下呢？这类题我一看就晕，找不着北。就拿最后一问E问题：(E) The proportion of comedians who are happy adults is higher than the proportion who are unhappy adults. 我怎么都再原题中着不到正确所在。
A) The proportion of good comedians who had unhappy childhoods is greater than the proportion of the best comedians who did. 这个不对，文中第一句就说了所有best的都不幸童年，所以proportion是100%，good 是不可能高过它的，因为good中有人是有幸福童年的。
(B) Some good comedians have had unhappy childhoods and are unhappy adults. 可能的，文中说："some good comedians who have had miserably unhappy childhoods are happy adults." some 成了happy adult, 自然，还有some good comdians长大了仍然不快乐
(C) Most of the best comedians are happy adults. 文中没提best的成年，但是我们既不能赞成，也不能反对。
(D) More good comedians have had unhappy childhoods than have had happy childhoods. 文中没提关于那些good演员，童年不幸的大部分，还是少部分。但是别忘了问题：cannot be true. D的情况在理论上仍然是会发生的。
(E) The proportion of comedians who are happy adults is higher than the proportion who are unhappy adults 成为快乐成人的喜剧演员的比例，比成为不快乐成人的喜剧演员的比例要高。这个推断是无法判断真伪的。文中的逻辑不够。所以说，类似法庭审判，由于证据不足，我们既不能说他有罪，也不能说他无罪。但既然无罪，我们只能当庭释放嫌犯。
cannot be true这类题，答案一定是能从文中的逻辑中找到逻辑错误的。干扰选项会是从文中能找到支持的，或像这道题，我们无法从文中知道。无法知道至少就不是cannot be true.
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发表于 2003-7-18 02:04:00
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