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Some anthropologists study modern-day societies of foragers in an effort to learn about our ancient ancestors who were also foragers. A flaw in this strategy is that forager societies are extremely varied. Indeed, any forager society with which anthropologists are familiar has had considerable contact with modern, non-forager societies.

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the criticism made above of the anthropologists' strategy?

正确答案: A

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OG13 CR-43(OG12 CR-45)这道题什么题型?到底是因果型结论吗?还是就是二者类比型?

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楼主
发表于 2013-11-21 17:49:21 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
43. Some anthropologists study modern-day societies of foragers in an effort to learn about our ancient ancestors who were also foragers. A flaw in this strategy is that forager societies are extremely varied. Indeed, any forager society with which anthropologists are familiar has had considerable contact with modern, non-forager societies.

Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the criticism made above of the anthropologists’ strategy?

(A) All forager societies throughout history have had a number of important features in common that are absent from other types of societies.

(B) Most ancient forager societies either dissolved or made a transition to another way of life.

(C) All anthropologists study one kind or another of modern-day society.

(D) Many anthropologists who study modern-day forager societies do not draw inferences about ancient societies on the basis of their studies.

(E) Even those modern-day forager societies that have not had significant contact with modern societies are importantly different from ancient forager societies.

Argument Evaluation
Situation
Studying contemporary foraging societies in order to understand ancient foragers is flawed because forager societies are so widely varied and also because the contemporary foragers have had so much contact with modern societies.
Reasoning Which point weakens this argument? The argument rejects the comparison of modern-day foraging societies to ancient ones because of the variety of existing forager societies and because the modern-day foragers have been in contact with other modern cultures. What situation would support making this comparison? What if modern-day foragers remain similar to ancient foragers because of nonchanging features of foraging societies throughout history? If these are features that are not shared with other cultures, then the argument that anthropologists cannot learn about ancient foragers by studying their modern counterparts is weakened.

A Correct. This statement properly identifies the factor that weakens the argument: A comparison could well be a valuable source of understanding if all foraging societies are shown to share certain features not found in other societies.

B This point slightly strengthens, rather than weakens, the argument.

C This point does not address the issue of comparing a modern society to an ancient society.

D The reason for this could be that these anthropologists know that such a comparison is not useful; thus this point does not weaken the argument.

E This point strengthens, rather than weakens, the argument.

【分析:二者类比型】
人类学家:通过研究现代F社会可以了解古代F社会。
批评者(结论):strategy is flawed (这一研究方法有弊端。意思即通过研究现代F社会来了解古代F社会是不对的=不能用现代F社会去类比古代F社会。)
前提:1、(现代)F社会太多样化
2、任何时期的F社会都会和现代的非F社会有contact(有关连,互相影响的)
问题:削弱批评者的结论(=加强人类学家的结论)
削弱:(要从两个方面反驳!因为原文有两个原因导致结论)无论现代F社会还是古代F社会都存在共通性,并且这个共通性不存在/不同于其他任何社会形态(这里指modern, non F社会),所以将现代F社会和古代F社会拿来类比是有意义的。反驳了结论。
要说明现代F社会和古代F社会是可以类比的,则要说明两者之间本质相同(有共通性)。

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以上分析对吗????可是为什么我觉得削弱里推翻了前提2??不是说不能推翻已知前提吗??除非这里解释为因果型结论,可是原文结论没有明显提示词啊?但是再看OG分析里面写:...flawed because forager societies are so widely varied and also because the contemporary foragers have had so much contact with modern societies.似乎默认是因果关系????

求解!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!跪谢!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!


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沙发
 楼主| 发表于 2013-11-21 19:23:40 | 只看该作者
求救啊!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!泪奔~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
板凳
 楼主| 发表于 2013-11-22 11:28:38 | 只看该作者
有人木.......................
地板
发表于 2013-11-22 23:00:18 | 只看该作者
本题是因果推理型
我们可把这段话按句子来分,第一句说了个研究事实,然后第二句评论家说这个研究有错的地方,第三句顺承了第二句的意思。原文中无结论,但从后两句可推断,结论是人类学家的研究是错的。
本文第二句给的因是:f的社会大多不同。 结论是:人类学家通过研究现代来推断古代是错的。
从cq的角度来看,a选项符合cq1
5#
发表于 2013-11-24 15:08:28 | 只看该作者
我也有这个疑惑!所谓前提不能被削弱是指背景信息不能被削弱吗??  
但是在bible里weaken里那章有how to weaken?第一条就是weaken premise,然后bible说gmat不常考削弱premise,因为比较弱智。
所以到底是能还是不能削弱前提呢??求解释阿阿!帮顶
6#
 楼主| 发表于 2013-11-24 18:21:15 | 只看该作者
超超为杰 发表于 2013-11-22 23:00
本题是因果推理型
我们可把这段话按句子来分,第一句说了个研究事实,然后第二句评论家说这个研究有错的地 ...

谢谢!!cq是啥?那到底是不是因果型结论是从句意判断吗?那不是乱套了?以前看牛牛说是一定要有because啊,caused by啊之类的因果提示词诶....可是这样好像又容易钻一些题的牛角尖!55555
请问是不是只有因果题才可以削弱因的可信度?如果非因果题应该不可以削弱前提吧?谢谢!
7#
 楼主| 发表于 2013-11-24 18:24:42 | 只看该作者
sandefia 发表于 2013-11-24 15:08
我也有这个疑惑!所谓前提不能被削弱是指背景信息不能被削弱吗??  
但是在bible里weaken里那章有how to weak ...

我看的bible整理版是写不能削弱前提呢.....好像做题做下来也是不能削弱前提,只有因果型题能削弱因的可信度,但是又不知道判定的界限=-=本来说是要有because之类的提示词,但是感觉有些题又不能这么严格按照提示词判断题型....
哎........没时间看原版bible,逻辑一团糟,有时候还不如凭直觉做呢=-=钻研的不透反而容易混乱.....
8#
发表于 2013-11-24 21:34:04 | 只看该作者
SherlockedJohn 发表于 2013-11-24 18:24
我看的bible整理版是写不能削弱前提呢.....好像做题做下来也是不能削弱前提,只有因果型题能削弱因的可信 ...

http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-9188-1-1.html
你看这题,就削弱前提拉!诡异的很
9#
发表于 2013-11-24 22:43:31 | 只看该作者
SherlockedJohn 发表于 2013-11-24 18:21
谢谢!!cq是啥?那到底是不是因果型结论是从句意判断吗?那不是乱套了?以前看牛牛说是一定要有because ...

那是用helr的方法来解释的。
而且是否是因果型,看的不是提示词,是前提与结论发生的逻辑时间顺序。前提是逻辑时间先发生的因,结论是逻辑时间后发生的果,这样的是因果型。若是相反的,就是果因型,只有这种才能用他因削弱来解释。
建议读一读helr的方法,讲的非常清晰
10#
 楼主| 发表于 2013-11-25 01:09:29 | 只看该作者
超超为杰 发表于 2013-11-24 22:43
那是用helr的方法来解释的。
而且是否是因果型,看的不是提示词,是前提与结论发生的逻辑时间顺序。前提 ...

真是颠覆我的认识啊啊啊啊!!嘤嘤嘤是我理解错BAT大神的方法还是神马T-T
说到他因请问能帮我解释下这题吗?....也是我发的贴...http://forum.chasedream.com/foru ... ;page=1#pid19113289
过两天就要考试了还有JJ啥的一大堆没看完,没时间钻研逻辑方法了,能不能帮我解答下?至少因果题搞懂的话还算可以活~~感谢啊!!!!!!!!
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