Essay #5.
Historians have identified two dominant currents in the Russian women's movement of the late tsarist period. "Bourgeois" feminism, so called by its more radical opponents, emphasized "individualist" feminist goals such as access to education, career opportunities, and legal equality. "Socialist" feminists, by contrast, emphasized class, rather than gender, as the principal source of women's inequality and oppression, and socialist revolution, not legal reform, as the only road to emancipation and equality.
However, despite antagonism between bourgeois feminists and socialist feminists, the two movements shared certain underlying beliefs. Both regarded paid labor as the principal means by which women might attain emancipation: participation in the workplace and economic self-sufficiency, they believed, would make women socially useful and therefore deserving of equality with men. Both groups also recognized the enormous difficulties women faced when they combined paid labor with motherhood. In fact, at the First All-Russian Women's Congress in 1908, most participants advocated maternity insurance and paid maternity leave, although the intense hostility between some socialists and bourgeois feminists at the Congress made it difficult for them to recognize these areas of agreement. Finally, socialist feminists and most bourgeois feminists concurred in subordinating women's emancipation to what they considered the more important goal of liberating the entire Russian population from political oppression, economic backwardness, and social injustice.
Question #14. 118-03 (21871-!-item-!-188;#058&000118-03)
The passage suggests that socialists within the Russian women's movement and most bourgeois feminists believed that in Russia
(A) women would not achieve economic equality until they had political representation within the government (B) the achievement of larger political aims should take precedence over the achievement of women's rights (C) the emancipation of women would ultimately bring about the liberation of the entire Russian population from political oppression (D) women's oppression was more rooted in economic inequality than was the case in other countries (E) the women's movement was more ideologically divided than were women's movements in other countries
Question #15. 118-05 (21917-!-item-!-188;#058&000118-05)
The passage is primarily concerned with
(A) identifying points of agreement between two groups (B) advocating one approach to social reform over another (C) contrasting two approaches to solving a political problem (D) arguing that the views espoused by one political group were more radical than those espoused by another group (E) criticizing historians for overlooking similarities between the views espoused by two superficially dissimilar groups
Question #16. 118-06 (21963-!-item-!-188;#058&000118-06)
According to the passage, Russian socialists within the women's movement and most bourgeois feminists disagreed about which of the following?
(A) Whether legal reform was central to the achievement of feminist goals (B) Whether paid employment was important for the achievement of equality (C) Whether maternity insurance was desirable for working mothers (D) Whether working mothers faced obstacles (E) Whether women's emancipation should be subordinated to the liberation of the Russian population 居然三道全错,答案给的是BAA,大家看看答案会不会给错了?尤其是14和16道,怎么也没想明白,文章哪里提到了political aim和reform呀? 还有一个星期多就要考了,做成这样真急,希望各位大虾不吝赐教,谢谢~~~ |