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1.Learning how to build a nest plays animportant part in the breeding success of birds. For example, Dr. Snow hasrecorded the success of a number of blackbirds in several successive years. Hefinds that birds nesting for the first time are less successful in breedingthan are older birds, and also less successful than they themselves are a yearlater. This cannot be a mere matter of size and strength, since blackbirds,like the great majority of birds, are fully grown when they leave the nest. Itis difficult to avoid the conclusion that they benefit by their nestingexperience. Which one of thefollowing, if true, would most weaken the argument? (A) Blackbirdsbuild better nests than other birds. (B) The capacityof blackbirds to lay viable eggs increase with each successive trial during thefirst few years of reproduction. (C) The breedingsuccess of birds nesting for the second time is greater than that of birdsnesting for the first time. (D) Smaller andweaker blackbirds breed just as successfully as bigger and stronger blackbirds. (E) Up to 25 percentof all birds are killed by predators before they start to nest.
2. History textbooksfrequently need to be revised. The reasons for this are clear: new discoveriesof documents and remains, the discovery of mistaken inferences in priorhistories, the discovery of previously unnoticed relationships among data, andthe application of hitherto undiscovered principles of natural science all mayindicate inadequacies in current history texts. Any of these considerations mayrequire that the past be reinterpreted in a manner that is new and moreilluminating.Which one of thefollowing can be inferred from the argument in the passage? (A) Theinterpretation of historical events is affected by natural science. (B) The past isconstantly renewed because of illuminating reinterpretations. (C) History booksare outdated as soon as they are written. (D) Naturalscientists also function as historians. (E) Historians’ mistakeninferences are caused by unnoticed relationships among data.
3. How do the airlines expect to preventcommercial plane crashes? Studies have shown that pilot error contributes totwo-thirds of all such crashes. To address this problem, the airline haveupgraded their training programs by increasing the hours of classroominstruction and emphasizing communication skills in the cockpit. But it isunrealistic to expect such measures to compensate for pilots’ lack of actualflying time. Therefore, the airlines should rethink their training approach toreducing commercial crashes.Which one of thefollowing is an assumption upon which the argument depends? (A) Trainingprograms can eliminate pilot errors. (B) Commercialpilot routinely undergo additional training throughout their careers. (C) The number ofairline crashes will decrease if pilot training programs focus on increasingactual flying time. (D) Lack of actualflying time is an important contributor to pilot error in commercial planecrashes. (E) Communication skillsare not important to pilot training programs.
4.Backgroundinformation: This year, each film submitted to the Barbizon Film Festival wassubmitted in one of ten categories. For each category, there was a panel thatdecided which submitted films to accept.Fact 1: Within each category, the rateof acceptance for domestic films was the same as that for foreign films. Fact2: The overall rate of acceptance of domestic films was significantly higherthan that of foreign films.In light of the background information, which of the following, if true, canaccount for fact 1 and fact 2 both being true of the submissions to this year'sBarbizon Film Festival?窗体顶端 AIn each category, the selection panel was composed of filmmakers,and some selection panels included no foreign filmmakers. BSignificantly more domestic films than foreign films were submittedto the festival. CIn each of the past three years, the overall acceptance rate washigher for foreign than for domestic films, an outcome that had upset somedomestic filmmakers. DThe number of films to be selected in each category waspredetermined, but in no category was it required that the acceptance rate offoreign films should equal that of domestic films. EMost foreign films, unlike most domestic films, weresubmitted in categories with high prestige, but with correspondingly low ratesof acceptance.
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发表于 2014-3-21 23:51:26
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