【GWD3 Q20】

GWD5-Q20:

Scientiststypically do their most creative work before the age of forty.  It is commonly thought that this happensbecause aging by itself brings about aloss of creative capacity.  However,studies show that a disproportionatelylarge number of the scientists who produce highly creative work beyond the ageof forty entered their field at an older age than is usual.  Since by the age of forty the large majorityof scientists have been working in their field for at least fifteen years, thestudies’ finding strongly suggests that the real reason why scientists overforty rarely produce highly creative work is not that they have simply aged butrather that they generally have spent too long in a given field.

Inthe argument given, the two portions in boldfaceplay which of the following roles?

A.   The first is the position that the argumentas a whole opposes; the second is an objection that has been raised against aposition defended in the argument.

B.   The first is a claim that has been advancedin support of a position that the argument opposes; the second is a findingthat has been used in support of that position.

C.   The first is an explanation that theargument challenges; the second is a finding that has been used in support ofthat explanation.

D.   The first is an explanation that theargument challenges; the second is a finding on which that challenge is based.

E.    The first is an explanation that theargument defends; the second is a finding that has been used to challenge thatexplanation.