Boldface题逢做必错，求助求助

boldface 题  首先找 前提， 结论。然后找到作者的观点是什么。 之后就可以做题了。 注意每个选项在描述1,2的时候都会定义1,2的性质并暗含1,2之间的关系，弄清选项说的是什么，然后根据找到的前提结论判断就可以了。



上一楼的三道题均是OG上的。等了你小半天，可是没见你上来。为了表示我解答的诚意，那三道答案贴在后面了啊~~~




对不起，我是北美区的上班族，不是一直挂着的，非常非常感谢你，请问可以私聊吗




116. Scientists typically do their most creative work before
the age of forty. lt is commonly thought that this
happens because aging by itself brings about a loss
of creative capacity. However, studies show that of
scientists who produce highly creative work
beyond the age of forty, a disproportionately
large number entered their field at an older age
than is usual. Since by the age of forty the large
majority of scientists have been working in their field
for at least fifteen years, the studies'finding strongly
suggests that the real reason why scientists over forty
rarely produce highly creative work is not that they
have aged but rather that scientists over forty have
generally spent too long in their field.


In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?



题意理解：前提1：科学家通常在40岁以前进行有创造性的工作。
                  结论1：普遍的想法是这是因为年老导致创造能力丧失。
                  反前提1: 在那些超过40岁进行大量创造性工作的科学家，大多数进入行业的年龄比正常的情况要老。
                  反前提2：因为到40岁时，科学家已经工作了至少十五年了
                  反结论1：所以40岁以后科学家很少进行创造性工作的原因不是因为年老，而是因为工作时间过长。

黑体字：第一段：反前提1: 在那些超过40岁进行大量创造性工作的科学家，大多数进入行业的年龄比正常的情况要老。
              第二段：反结论1：所以40岁以后科学家很少进行创造性工作的原因不是因为年老，而是因为工作时间过长。


关键点：本段论述赞同的结论是什么（反结论1）

选项分析：

A 段一：一个声明，它的准确性在这段论述中是成问题的； 段二：以这个声明为根据的结论。（第一段是正确的声明，它与此段论述的观点一致。因此错。）
B 段一：反对此段论述支持的观点的反对理由；                    段二：反对的立场（观点，态度）。（并非反对，第一段与论述的观点是相同的。因此错。）
C 段一：在本段论述中被质疑的解释的支持证据；                段二：那个解释。 （是被论述支持的解释的支持证据，因此错。）
D 段一：本论述中反对的解释的支持证据；                           段二：本论述赞同的解释。（第一段是本论述赞成的解释的支持证据，因此错。）
E 段一：本论述赞同的解释的支持证据； 段二：那个解释。
选E


单词：

a loss of capacity      disproportionately       objection     challenge    be at sth.
能力的丧失           不成比例地               反对理由    质疑         从事某事


难句背诵：

However, studies show that of
scientists who produce highly creative work
beyond the age of forty, a disproportionately
large number entered their field at an older age
than is usual.










98.
Delta Products Inc. has recently switched at least
partly from older technologies using fossil fuels
to new technologies powered by electricity. The
question has been raised whether it can be concluded
that for a given level of output Delta's operation
now causes less fossil fuel to be consumed than
it did formerly. The answer, clearly, is yes, since the
amount of fossil fuel used to generate the electricity
needed to power the new technologies is less than the
amount needed to power the older technologies,
provided level  of output is held constant.


In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play
which of the following roles?

题意理解：
前提1：DP公司最近至少部分从旧的使用化石燃料的技术转变到新的充电技术。（事实）
结论2：在某产出水平上D公司的运转会消耗比之前少量的化石燃料。
前提2：在给定产量的条件下，发电需要的化石燃料少于旧技术需要的化石燃料。

关键点：author的观点是结论2

选项分析：
A 1.author的观点，2.支持author的论据  （2是结论，1是论据）
B 1.支持author的论据  2.author的观点
C1.author的结论，2.质疑author的结论（1.不是结论，因为没有论据支持1，2.也没有质疑1.）
D 1.支持author的依据 2.质疑author的结论（2没有质疑）
E 1.2.均是支持author的依据（2.是结论，不是依据。）
选B

单词：

switch    partly    operation       provided                          assert      reverse    be guilty of    

转变   部分地    操作      在。。。条件下      提及          颠倒      犯了。。。错误

难句背诵：

Delta Products Inc. has recently switched at least
partly from older technologies using fossil fuels
to new technologies powered by electricity.







89. Since it has become known that several of a bank’s top executives have been buying shares in their own bank, the bank’s depositors, who had been worried by rumors that the bank faced impending financial collapse, have been greatly relieved. They reason that, since top executives evidently have faith in the bank’s financial soundness, those worrisome rumors must be false. Such reasoning might well be overoptimistic, however, since corporate executives have been known to buy shares in their own company in a calculated attempt to dispel negative rumors about the company’s health.

In the argument given, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

(A) The first describes evidence that has been taken as supporting a conclusion; the second gives a reason for questioning that support.
(B) The first describes evidence that has been taken as supporting a conclusion; the second states a contrary conclusion that is the main conclusion of the argument.
(C) The first provides evidence in support of the main conclusion of the argument; the second states that conclusion.
(D) The first describes the circumstance that the argument as a whole seeks to explain; the second gives the explanation that the argument seeks to establish.
(E) The first describes the circumstance that the argument as a whole seeks to explain; the second provides evidence in support of the explanation that the argument seeks to establish

题意理解：
前提1：                自从银行高管买进自己银行的股份后
结论1：                担心银行资金即将出问题的存款人就放宽心了。
前提2：                因为既然银行高管对银行资金稳固这么有信心，那些银行资金会崩溃的谣言一定是假的。
反对结论1的评价：这个推理可能过于乐观了。
反前提1,2：          因为银行高管买进银行股份是有计划的，其目的就是为了消除负面的谣言。

关键点：论述的观点是什么——这个推理过于乐观了。

选项分析：

A 段一：支持一个结论的依据；段二：提出一个理由质疑这个依据。正确
B 段一：支持一个结论的依据；段二：与本段观点对立的结论。                           （段二不是个结论，是支持一个结论的依据。因此错。）
C 段一：提出支持文章观点的依据；段二：文章观点。（段一是支持反对文章观点的依据；段二不是个结论，是支持一个结论的依据。因此错。）
D 段一：描述了一个全文都在试图解释的条件；       段二：给出了本段文章试图确立（赞成）段一的一个解释。(段二没解释段一 ~)
E 段一：描述了一个全文都在试图解释的条件；段二：提供了本文试图确立的对段一的解释的支持依据。（段二没解释段一 ~）

单词：

executive(s)      depositor            rumor         impending      relieve     evidently  
soundness    worrisome         might well     overoptimistic    dispel    calculated
seek to do    infer                 undermine     several of



总经理     存款者    谣言     即将发生的      解除       明显地
稳固        令人不安的      很可能        太乐观了     消除   有计划的
试图做    推断    削弱      几个，数个


难句背诵：


several of a bank’s top executives have been buying shares in their own bank




解答完毕~~~~~