Last 06 第一段

5. The Taft-Hartley Act, passed by the United States Congress in 1947, gave states the power to enact “right-to-work” legislation that prohibits union shop (必须加入工会条款) agreements. According to such an agreement, a labor union negotiates wages and working conditions for all workers in a business, and all workers are required to belong to the union. Since 1947, 20 states have adopted right-to-work laws. Much of the literature concerning right-to-work laws implies that such legislation has not actually had a significant impact. This point of view, however, has not gone uncriticized. Thomas V Carroll has proposed that the conclusions drawn by previous researchers are attributable to their myopic focus on the premise that, unless right-to-work laws significantly reduce union membership within a state, they have no effect. Carroll argues that the right-to-work laws “do matter” in that such laws generate differences in real wages across states. Specifically, Carroll indicates that while right-to-work laws may not “destroy” unions by reducing the absolute number of unionized workers, they do impede the spread of unions and thereby reduce wages within right-to-work states. Because the countervailing power of unions is weakened in right-to-work states, manufacturers and their suppliers can act cohesively in competitive labor markers, thus lowering wages in the affected industries.

整个的逻辑关系是carroll 反对说legislation 没有用.说legislation 虽然没能通过减少union 成员的决对数量而destroy union,但能impede the spread of unions thereby reduce wages within right to work states. 不明白阻碍工会的扩张和降低薪水有

什么关系?

还有这里的contervailing power of union is weakened in right to work states, 中的contercailing power 指的是什么?

Last 06 第一段

5. The Taft-Hartley Act, passed by the United States Congress in 1947, gave states the power to enact “right-to-work” legislation that prohibits union shop (必须加入工会条款) agreements. According to such an agreement, a labor union negotiates wages and working conditions for all workers in a business, and all workers are required to belong to the union. Since 1947, 20 states have adopted right-to-work laws.

Much of the literature concerning right-to-work laws implies that such legislation has not actually had a significant impact. 许多关于工作权利法的文章暗示，这个法案实际上没能发挥巨大的影响。

This point of view, however, has not gone uncriticized. 但是对这种观点，是有些批评的声音的(并不是没有反对者)。

Thomas V Carroll has proposed that the conclusions drawn by previous researchers are attributable to their myopic focus on the premise that, unless right-to-work laws significantly reduce union membership within a state, they have no effect. TVC提出，前述研究人员得出的结论是因为他们狭隘地(myopic,形容词，短视的，其实不知道它是什么意思也没关系，反正能够猜到是个中性贬义词)执着于以下假设：除非工作权利法极大地减少某个州的工会人数，这些立法是不会有什么影响的。

Carroll argues that the right-to-work laws “do matter” in that such laws generate differences in real wages across states. TVC论证道：工作权利法“确实有影响”，原因在于，这些立法使各州之间的工资额产生差异。(其实，TVC指出工作权利法发挥作用的立足点不同而已。)

Specifically, Carroll indicates that while right-to-work laws may not “destroy” unions by reducing the absolute number of unionized workers, they do impede the spread of unions and thereby reduce wages within right-to-work states. 特别地，TVC表明，尽管(：（我一直不太明白中文中的尽管和仅管的细微差异在那里？）工作权利法可能没有通过减少工会工人的绝对人数来“搞垮”工会，但它们确实影响了工会的扩展，从而减少了实施工作权利法的那些州的工资。(也就是说，工作权利法对那些州的工人和工会确实不利。至于“阻碍工会的扩张和降低薪水有什么关系”，文中下一句进行了一些解释。)

Because the countervailing power of unions is weakened in right-to-work states, manufacturers and their suppliers can act cohesively in competitive labor markers, thus lowering wages in the affected industries. 因为，在实施工作权利法的各州中，工会的抵抗性(countervail这个词不熟，但猜测是反对、对抗的意思，没查字典，是指工会对抗下面提及的那些生产商及其供应商吧)力量被削弱了。生产商及其供应商们能够通过紧密合作与那些劳工组织者(猜marker的意思，没查字典)进行竞争，从而降低了受工作权利法影响的行业的工资。(这一句也就是说，工作权利法虽然表面没影响，但因为生产商等从中作梗，对那些州的工人和工会确实不利。)

一般地，lsat的阅读量较gmat大，可以作为很好的提高英语理解能力的阅读资料。但由于题目没有明确而权威的解释，在提高关键性的文章思维能力方面帮助有限，因此效用大大低于OG，而且OG的阅读量已够大，对于英语理解能力可以说基本够用了。

其实，OG的解释部分虽然在英语理解能力方面应没有太大难度，但对文章思维能力确要求很高。因此，我还是觉得OG的解释部分是最难的阅读资料啊。可能，有些理解你怎么看也看不明白，我认为，不是人家说的不好，而是我们脑筋不够用。

这样我还是建议大家认真看OG。Lsat这样细细分析起来，文章也不难吗？而如果选项没有做对，则与文章思维能力息息相关了。

建议楼主在发lsat的问题时，可以先像我这样把每一句简单看看。也许问题就解决了。

一直以为没有人会给我回帖呢.还在反省是不是不该花太大的精力在last上.直到今天才看到yangyu大侠的回复,感激不尽啊!

但我考gmat的目的更重要的目的是全面提高我的阅读能力的.所以宁可走走弯路,锻炼一下也不错嘛!

我非常同意大侠的意见,gmat阅读也是要好好研究一番.

非常感谢!

恩,很赞同啊.

建议每天还是留出固定时间看些OG.哪怕仔细看一篇.争取做到互相促进才更好.