弱问几道费费逻辑上的题

8. The stable functioning of a society depends upon the relatively long-term stability of the goals of its citizens. This is clear from the fact that unless the majority of individuals have a predictable and enduring set of aspirations, it will be impossible for a legislature to craft laws that will augment the satisfaction of the citizenry, and it should be obvious that a society is stable only if its laws tend to increase the happiness of its citizens.

The claim that a society is stable only if its laws tend to increase the happiness of its citizens plays which one of the following roles in the argument?

A.        It is the conclusion of the argument.

B.        It helps to support the conclusion of the argument.

C.       It is a claim that must be refuted if the conclusion is to be established.

D.       It is a consequence of the argument.

E.        It is used to illustrate the general principle that the argument presupposes.

答案：B

这种play role的题目后面错了很多，具体在解题方面有什么技巧么？

16. The axis of Earth’s daily rotation is tilted with respect to the plane of its orbit at an angle of roughly 23 degrees. That angle can be kept fairly stable only by the gravitational influence of Earth’s large, nearby Moon. Without such a stable and moderate axis tilt, a planet’s climate is too extreme and unstable to support life. Mars, for example, has only very small moons, tilts at wildly fluctuating angles, and cannot support life.

If the statements above are true, which one of the following must also be true on the basis of them?

A.        If Mars had a sufficiently large nearby moon, Mars would be able to support life.

B.        If Earth’s Moon were to leave Earth’s orbit, Earth’s climate would be unable to support life.

C.       Any planet with a stable, moderate axis tilt can support life.

D.       Gravitational influences other than moons have little or no effect on the magnitude of the tilt angle of either Earth’s or Mars’s axis.

E.        No planet that has more than one moon can support life.

答案：B

为什么A,C不对啊？

16。关于a/b，我是这么做的：形式是 if A, B，可以推出 A-->B, 即NOT B-->not A,代到原文中去，显然b和原文完全吻合；

至于c,完全把结论扩大化了，典型的错误答案标志。