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恳请答复, 谢谢. 关于 sometimes and some 的理解

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楼主
发表于 2004-9-9 06:42:00 | 只看该作者

恳请答复, 谢谢. 关于 sometimes and some 的理解


Note: both questions are from CXD.


1


If athletes want better performances, they should train at high altitudes. At higher altitudes, the body has more red blood cells per unit volume of blood than at sea level. The red blood cells transport oxygen, which will improve performance if available in greater amounts. The blood of an athlete who trains at high altitudes will transport more oxygen per unit volume of blood, improving the athlete’s performance.


Which of the following, if true, would be most damaging to the argument above, provided that the athlete’s heart rate is the same at high and low altitude?


(A)  Scientists have found that an athlete’s heart requires a period of time to adjust to working at high altitudes.


(B)   Scientists have found that the body’s total volume of blood declines by as much as 25 percent at high altitudes.


(C)  Middle-distance runners who train at high altitudes sometimes lose to middle-distance runners who train at sea level.


(D)  The performance of athletes in competitions at all altitudes have improved markedly during the past twenty years


       (E)At altitudes above 5,500 feet, middle-distance runners often better their sea-level  running times by several second.


The correct answer is B.


C is not correct is because the use of "sometimes" in the sentence. (According to the explanation provided by the book)


My understanding: "sometimes" can not represent the "all the time" in general, so it is not correct.


2


It is important to teach students to use computers effectively. Therefore, students should be taught computer programming in school.


Which of the following, if true, most weakens the argument above?


(A)  Only people who use computers effectively are skilled at computer programming.


(B)   Only people skilled at computer programming use computer effectively.


(C)  Some people who use computers effectively cannot write computer programs.


(D)  Some schools teach computer programming more effectively than others.


(E)   Most people who are able to program computers use computers effectively.


C is the correct answer.


But here, "some" people means "some people", can't not represent the genera population either. But the use of "some " in C doesn't make the answer incorrect.


I am not sure how much similarity the above two questions share, but this question just popped into my head when I read the explanations from the book. Probably I didn't state the question very well either, but still hope get answers here.


thank you very much!!




沙发
发表于 2004-9-9 12:45:00 | 只看该作者

Q2: "should" in the original argument implies that "programming" is a necessary (and sufficient) condition for "using computers effectively".  C, by pointing out examples to the contrary, denies that "programming" is a necessary condition for "using computer effectively", therefore weakens the original argument.

板凳
发表于 2004-9-9 12:52:00 | 只看该作者

Q1: "sometimes" in C makes the evidence inclusive, therefore severely limits the effectiveness of its weakening effect.  B, on the other hand, provides a very strong evidence weakening the original argument, therefore is the best answer.

地板
发表于 2004-9-9 14:35:00 | 只看该作者
请教问题一,文章说底oxygen per unit volume of blood与heart rate 有什么关连?
5#
发表于 2004-9-9 19:54:00 | 只看该作者

1。血液中红细胞的多少决定输送氧的多少,而血液中红细胞的多少取决于血液的体积和红细胞的密度,单位时间血液输送氧的能力不但取决于体积和密度,还取决于心率。所以要假设心率没变。

2。关于第一题C错的原因,我认为是即使能削弱,力量也是很弱,即使SOMETIMES改为ALWAYS,也不是答案。原文的推理是:因为在high altitudes,单位血液输送氧能力强,所以要有好的表现应该在high altitudes训练。C说在中长跑中,high altitudes训练的运动员比不过sea level训练的运动员。它既没有削弱原文证据对结论的证明力(原文证据是关于输送氧的能力),对结论的削弱也很小,如果是同一批运动员在两个地方训练,表现不同,那削弱就强了。就像美国的长跑运动员在美国训练,中国的在中国训练,美国长跑运动员总比中国赢,你总不能得出结论说长跑运动员如果在美国训练就会赢于在中国训练。当然,如果是同个运动员,就可得出这个结论。

6#
发表于 2004-9-10 01:03:00 | 只看该作者
nice explanation.
7#
 楼主| 发表于 2004-9-10 02:46:00 | 只看该作者
thank you all!!
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