OG12-53 我怎么看都是D更好麻烦大家帮看一下

chengcheng0820 · 发表于 2010-3-28 09:34:28

53. Most employees in the computer industry move from company to company, changing jobs several times in their
careers. However, Summit Computers is known throughout the industry for retaining its employees. Summit
credits its success in retaining employees to its informal, nonhierarchical work environment.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports Summit’s explanation of its success in retaining
employees?

(A) Some people employed in the computer industry change jobs if they become bored with their
current projects.
(B) A hierarchical work environment hinders the cooperative exchange of ideas that computer industry
employees consider necessary for their work.
(C) Many of Summit’s senior employees had previously worked at only one other computer company.
(D) In a nonhierarchical work environment, people avoid behavior that might threaten group harmony and
thus avoid discussing with their colleagues any dissatisfaction they might have with their jobs.
(E) The cost of living near Summit is relatively low compared to areas in which some other computer
companies are located.

D不是说这样的环境能避免员工相互交流不满么？我觉得更加SUPPORT一些
B说hierarchical的环境不好，阻碍了员工交流自由

我不明白的是怎么衡量这两个哪个更好一些？我觉得也各有道理啊。。

chengcheng0820 · 发表于 2010-3-28 09:45:48

这是我在博客里看到的，可还是不明白，求教NN帮解释一下
在GMAT逻辑题目中, 司空见惯的是"支持题型". 支持SUPPORT 这个概念不是充分条件,不是必要条件, 那么什么是支持? 如果没有弄清楚这个基本概念, 很多逻辑题目是无法迅速求解的.

先分析最基本的逻辑推理:

所有的A 都是 B
因为 C 是 A
所以 C 是 B在命题中, 大前提经常省略, 出现的命题形式縮減为:

因为 C 是 A, 所以 C 是B对这样一个形式, 什么叫做支持呢? 最简单的说, 支持只能支持小前提. 如果我说, C就是A , 这就是支持, 但是命题显然不能如此简单, 而是稍微改变, 比如把 "C 就是 A" 改写成:" C 如果不是D就只能是A, 而所有的D都有一个根本特征, 但是C并不具备这个特征." 那么这句话就是毫无疑问的支持.

考生不妨思考一下: "C 就是 A" 究竟能有多少种不同的变化" 我们再换个说法, 你看意思是否有改变.

C 拥有一个基本特征C1, 而C1在本质上是A1的变体, 只有拥有A1或者其变体的都是A. 这句话拐了一大推无聊的弯子,还是说 C就是A .

到此, 我们可以拿一些题目来分析, OG 12版本501页 53题:

题干:
Most employees in the computer industry move from company to company, changing jobs several times in their careers. However, Summit Computers is known throughout the industry for retaining its employees. Summit credits its success in retaining employees to its informal, nonhierarchical work environment.
　　
问题:
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports Summit’s explanation of its success in retaining employees?

备选项:
　　(A) Some people employed in the computer industry change jobs if they become bored with their current projects.
　　(B) A hierarchical work environment hinders the cooperative exchange of ideas that computer industry employees consider necessary for their work.
　　(C) Many of Summit’s senior employees had previously worked at only one other computer company.
　　(D) In a nonhierarchical work environment, people avoid behavior that might threaten group harmony and thus avoid discussing with their colleagues any dissatisfaction they might have with their jobs.（B）
　　(E) The cost of living near Summit is relatively low compared to areas in which some other computer companies are located.

考生阅读备选项, 判断写作指令为支持题型, 然后阅读题干的推理, 题干中HOWEVER把整个命题分割成两个部分, 后一部分出现两个概念:

A = informal, nonhierachical work environment
B = retaining its employeesA
B 之间的逻辑关系标识词语是 credit...in...这个关系就是相当于because所以命题改写为
A → B现在问, 哪个选项能支持这个推理？因为命题中只有A B 两个概念, 那么无论支持出现的形式是什么, 最终只能说“ 因为A 所以 B” 这就是支持，别无支持。
第二个备选项： hinders 分析一下：
A hierarchical work environment 是什么呢？是A的否定，表示为：À
而 the cooperative exchange of ideas that computer industry employees consider necessary for their work.又是什么呢？就是B的必要条件。这个选项其实就是说“ 没有A就没有B” 换过来就是因为A 所以B. 因此是正确的选项。
大家通过这个题目的分析应该理解所谓“支持”就是对推理中小前提的加强，或者对推理本身的改写。在日常生活中，我们到处都用到加强的逻辑推理形式。比如，父亲告诉小孩子要进行体育锻炼，而母亲说经常的体育锻炼有益于身体健康并且能够锻炼胆识，毅力，和耐力。这时候母亲的观点是对父亲观点的支持。为什么GMAT要考核加强这个题型呢？就是为了MBA 考生今后分析问题时候，能够发现一些现象确定自己的判断，以为当一个判断被多次加强并且从不同角度加强的时候，这个观点可能成立，判断就可能是真确的。

chengcheng0820 · 发表于 2010-3-28 09:51:34

而且，我觉得B 选项有一个逻辑错误：说hierarchical environment hinder 员工交流，但是这不等于就能说nonhierarchical environment就不hinder了啊
求NN指教！！！！

lxw19 · 发表于 2010-3-28 10:42:40

53. Most employees in the computer industry move from company to company, changing jobs several times in their
careers. However, Summit Computers is known throughout the industry for retaining its employees. Summit
credits its success in retaining employees to its informal, nonhierarchical work environment.
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports Summit’s explanation of its success in retaining
employees?

(A) Some people employed in the computer industry change jobs if they become bored with their
current projects.
(B) A hierarchical work environment hinders the cooperative exchange of ideas that computer industry
employees consider necessary for their work.
(C) Many of Summit’s senior employees had previously worked at only one other computer company.
D) In a nonhierarchical work environment, people avoid behavior that might threaten group harmony and
thus avoid discussing with their colleagues any dissatisfaction they might have with their jobs.
(E) The cost of living near Summit is relatively low compared to areas in which some other computer
companies are located.

D不是说这样的环境能避免员工相互交流不满么？我觉得更加SUPPORT一些
B说hierarchical的环境不好，阻碍了员工交流自由

我不明白的是怎么衡量这两个哪个更好一些？我觉得也各有道理啊。。
-- by 会员 chengcheng0820 (2010/3/28 9:34:28)

个人感觉B更直接一些，文章的结论只是针对nonhierarchical environment的好处来说事儿的，B通过直接指出hierarchical environment的坏处来反对，相当犀利啦~~~

而D选项说的就无关了，虽然能够threaten group harmony and thus avoid discussing with their colleagues any dissatisfaction they might have with their jobs.
但是文章问的是most strongly supports Summit’s explanation of its success in retaining employees?，也就是说尽管那些员工不满了，这也不代表他们就不干了啊~~无关

slamshady · 发表于 2010-3-28 11:01:19

同意一楼的解释。。。题干说因为nonhierarchical所以success,而B说因为hierarchical所以不success，B的逆否命题就是如果要success，就必须nonhierarchical，与题干合起来正好充要，所以B正确

反过来看D，我是这样理解的，D只说这样的环境能避免员工相互交流不满，而没有说这样的不满是否会影响到success，B中的necessary显然强调了这一点，所以D错

chengcheng0820 · 发表于 2010-3-28 11:04:35

嗯嗯~我明白你的意思了。。可是我不明白的是我觉得D从某种角度上说比B直接啊 D直接指出non-怎么怎么样，B是从相反的说的，而且我觉得B说hierarchical hinder 了员工交流部并等于non-不hinder啊，呵呵而且我觉得如果说D不能说员工不满就代表他们不干了，那么B也不能说明限制了员工交流ideas，员工就不干了啊
nn理解我的意思了吗呵呵真的好纠结啊。。。

yahoochao · 发表于 2010-3-28 11:08:39

lz 我认为OG给出的解释就很好。OG上说，d选项中只说了员工因为不想打破公司内部的和谐而不与别人谈论任何不满。也就是说，员工们有不满，只是憋在心里而已。将不满憋在心里就能保证不跳槽了么？不能，只要有不满，他们就会跳槽。所以d不对。

还有对于加强题，只要选项提高了题干内容的可能性，就可认为是正确，即时只加强了哪怕百分之一、千分之一的可能性。所以b选项虽然只说了hierarchical environment不好，但已经增加了nonhierarchical environment 相对较好的可能性。所以，b选项正确。

以上是个人的拙见，希望对你有帮助。

lxw19 · 发表于 2010-3-28 11:09:16

嗯嗯~我明白你的意思了。。可是我不明白的是我觉得D从某种角度上说比B直接啊 D直接指出non-怎么怎么样，B是从相反的说的，而且我觉得B说hierarchical hinder 了员工交流部并等于non-不hinder啊，呵呵而且我觉得如果说D不能说员工不满就代表他们不干了，那么B也不能说明限制了员工交流ideas，员工就不干了啊
nn理解我的意思了吗呵呵真的好纠结啊。。。

-- by 会员 chengcheng0820 (2010/3/28 11:04:35)

注意ideas后面的定语ideas that computer industry employees consider necessary for their work.，necessary一词足以说明了

chengcheng0820 · 发表于 2010-3-28 11:12:21

lz 我认为OG给出的解释就很好。OG上说，d选项中只说了员工因为不想打破公司内部的和谐而不与别人谈论任何不满。也就是说，员工们有不满，只是憋在心里而已。将不满憋在心里就能保证不跳槽了么？不能，只要有不满，他们就会跳槽。所以d不对。

还有对于加强题，只要选项提高了题干内容的可能性，就可认为是正确，即时只加强了哪怕百分之一、千分之一的可能性。所以b选项虽然只说了hierarchical environment不好，但已经增加了nonhierarchical environment 相对较好的可能性。所以，b选项正确。

以上是个人的拙见，希望对你有帮助。

-- by 会员 yahoochao (2010/3/28 11:08:39)

恩！谢谢我明白D了谢谢！

chengcheng0820 · 发表于 2010-3-28 11:16:22

嗯嗯~我明白你的意思了。。可是我不明白的是我觉得D从某种角度上说比B直接啊 D直接指出non-怎么怎么样，B是从相反的说的，而且我觉得B说hierarchical hinder 了员工交流部并等于non-不hinder啊，呵呵而且我觉得如果说D不能说员工不满就代表他们不干了，那么B也不能说明限制了员工交流ideas，员工就不干了啊
nn理解我的意思了吗呵呵真的好纠结啊。。。

-- by 会员 chengcheng0820 (2010/3/28 11:04:35)

注意ideas后面的定语ideas that computer industry employees consider necessary for their work.，necessary一词足以说明了

-- by 会员 lxw19 (2010/3/28 11:09:16)

啊哈哈恍然大悟谢谢！！necessary就表示非常必要没它不行是吧 hierarchical没有这个条件是不是就是说non-可能会有所以就加强了谢谢！

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