Prep1-Essay 10

这篇文章没读懂，4道问题错了3个。请大牛帮忙指点！！

Essay #10.  154    (22742-!-item-!-188;#058&00154-00)

Conventional wisdom has it that large deficits in the United States budget cause interest rates to rise.  Two main arguments are given for this claim.  According to the first, as the deficit increases, the government will borrow more to make up for the ensuing shortage of funds.  Consequently, it is argued, if both the total supply of credit (money available for borrowing) and the amount of credit sought by nongovernment borrowers remain relatively stable, as is often supposed, then the price of credit (the interest rate) will increase.  That this is so is suggested by the basic economic principle that if supplies of a commodity (here, credit) remain fixed and demand for that commodity increases, its price will also increase.  The second argument supposes that the government will tend to finance its deficits by increasing the money supply with insufficient regard for whether there is enough room for economic growth to enable such an increase to occur without causing inflation.  It is then argued that financiers will expect the deficit to cause inflation and will raise interest rates, anticipating that because of inflation the money they lend will be worth less when paid back.

Unfortunately for the first argument, it is unreasonable to assume that nongovernment borrowing and the supply of credit will remain relatively stable.  Nongovernment borrowing sometimes decreases.  When it does, increased government borrowing will not necessarily push up the total demand for credit.  Alternatively, when credit availability increases, for example through greater foreign lending to the United States, then interest rates need not rise, even if both private and government borrowing increase.

The second argument is also problematic.  Financing the deficit by increasing the money supply should cause inflation only when there is not enough room for economic growth.  Currently, there is no reason to expect deficits to cause inflation.  However, since many financiers believe that deficits ordinarily create inflation, then admittedly they will be inclined to raise interest rates to offset mistakenly anticipated inflation.  This effect, however, is due to ignorance, not to the deficit itself, and could be lessened by educating financiers on this issue.

Question #34.  154-03  (22834-!-item-!-188;#058&000154-03)

It can be infer from the passage that proponents of the second argument would most likely agree with which of the following statements?

(A) The United States government does not usually care whether or not inflation increases.

(B) People in the United States government generally know very little about economics.

(C) The United States government is sometimes careless in formulating its economic policies.

(D) The United States government sometimes relies too much on the easy availability of foreign credit.

(E) The United States government increases the money supply whenever there is enough room for growth to support the increase.

为什么选C？

Question #36.  154-08  (22926-!-item-!-188;#058&000154-08)

The author uses the term "admittedly" (see highlighted text) in order to indicate that

(A) the second argument has some truth to it, though not for the reason usually supposed 

(B) the author has not been successful in attempting to point out inadequacies in the two arguments

(C) the thesis that large deficits directly cause interest rates to rise has strong support after all

(D) financiers should admit that they were wrong in thinking that large deficits will cause higher inflation rates

(E) financiers generally do not think that the author's criticisms of the second argument are worthy of consideration

为什么选（A）？A怎么理解？

自己顶一下，请NN们指点！！

Q34:在第一段倒數幾行

The second argument supposes that the government will tend to finance its deficits by increasing the money supply with insufficient regard for whether there is enough room for economic growth to enable such an increase to occur without causing inflation.  It is then argued that financiers will expect the deficit to cause inflation and will raise interest rates, anticipating that because of inflation the money they lend will be worth less when paid back.

这里的第36题是一种作者态度题，非常难！大家讨论一下吧……

首先，BC选项排除，与文章主题相反。E排除，无关。剩下的是A和D。

D:Admittedly,代表无可否认。所以这里是作者的态度，认为Financier这么想也是有依据的，与Financier的态度无关。

A:如果"since many financiers believe that deficits ordinarily create inflation"成立，那么financier的做法就是正确的，所以“the second argument has some truth to it”。可惜，"since many financiers believe that deficits ordinarily create inflation"不成立，所以“ though not for the reason usually supposed ”

请问34题的E选项为何不对呢？比C 更直接

Q34:在第一段倒數幾行

The second argument supposes that the government will tend to finance its deficits by increasing the money supply with insufficient regard for whether there is enough room for economic growth to enable such an increase to occur without causing inflation.  It is then argued that financiers will expect the deficit to cause inflation and will raise interest rates, anticipating that because of inflation the money they lend will be worth less when paid back.

E 为什么不对呢

谈一下34题。

我原先也选E。看了答案后觉得的确C更好。

因为问题问的是一个观点，而不是一个事实。 “most likely agree with”

E） The United States government increases the money supply whenever there is enough room for growth to support the increase. 其实不够全面。虽然文章中的确提到政府不论什么情况下都会扩大货币供给，但是这种行为是有前提的，是以高赤字为前面。而这个前提在E中没有出现，所以单纯这样一个事实，不能成为答案。并且，在提问中，也没有说道，在高赤字的前提下，第二个argument会支持怎样的观点。所以E不能选。

而C则是一个概括性的答案。将原文“the government will tend to finance its deficits by increasing the money supply with insufficient regard for whether there is enough room for economic growth to enable such an increase to occur without causing inflation”进行了体联合概括，即：美国政府有时候会比较随意得去采用某些经济政策。

不知，我这个思路是否正确，以供大家讨论。总之，这种题目实在太迷惑人了！咳！ 面对这种考试，我实在手足无措了。（稍稍抱怨一下）