谁能解这两道逻辑？

ARCHER420 · 发表于 2009-12-10 21:13:51

1. (24179-!-item-!-188;#058&000705)

Although fullerenes--spherical molecules made entirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since been found in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite. Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenes requires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure, this discovery should give geologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth's crust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?

(A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes took careful experimentation.

(B) Some fullerenes have also been found on the remains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.

(C) The mineral shungite itself contains large amounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.

(D) The naturally occurring fullerenes are arranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.

(E) Shungite itself is formed only under distinctive conditions.

2. (24227-!-item-!-188;#058&000711)

Economist: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000. A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling. Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion of the argument?

(A) Among elderly people who had followed the program for only a few months, the number of serious falls reported was higher than it was for people who had followed the program for its recommended minimum length of one year.

(B) Falls resulting in serious injuries are less common among elderly people living in nursing homes than they are among elderly people who live alone at home.

(C) A frequent result of injuries sustained in falls is long-term pain, medication for which is not counted among the average per-person costs of emergency treatment for elderly people's injuries from such falls.

(D) The new therapeutic program focuses on therapies other than medication, since overmedication can cause disorientation and hence increase the likelihood that an elderly person will have a serious fall.

(E) A significant portion of the cost of the new therapeutic program is represented by regular visits by health care professionals, the costs of which tend to increase more rapidly than do those of other elements of the program.

yhwut · 发表于 2009-12-11 04:09:45

是不是？
1D，因为两个F的结构不同所以形成他们的原因不能等同。
2C。因为忽略了其他费用，所以可能新的疗法还是更省钱的

ARCHER420 · 发表于 2009-12-11 05:21:58

thanks. 楼上的朋友能详细讲讲2C吗

yhwut · 发表于 2009-12-11 06:48:46

2C就是说，他们摔了，做了手术只是一时的费用，等到以后后遗症，腿疼时再花钱买药什么的不是还得花钱么。而那个新的疗法是从本质上，一次性解决问题
如同分期付款和一次付清的区别

onlyloss · 发表于 2009-12-13 19:44:01

IMHO: B C

JNash · 发表于 2009-12-13 22:59:20

1.b 无论如何，不是地球的东西会干扰对地球地质学的研究。
2.c 其他成本，使得总成本方面需要从新计算比较。

tsx190 · 发表于 2011-8-7 20:53:46

1. (24179-!-item-!-188;#058&000705)

Although fullerenes--spherical molecules madeentirely of carbon--were first found in the laboratory, they have since beenfound in nature, formed in fissures of the rare mineral shungite. Since laboratory synthesis of fullerenesrequires distinctive conditions of temperature and pressure, this discovery should givegeologists a test case for evaluating hypotheses about the state of the Earth'scrust at the time these naturally occurring fullerenes were formed (结论).

Logic: weaken 题型（看原文：找出结论和推出该结论的前提。）
前提：（1） F自然界中存在于S
（2）F在实验室中需要特定条件合成
结论：推断F在自然界中是以特定条件合成

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the argument?

(A) Confirming that the shungite genuinely contained fullerenes tookcareful experimentation.
(确认S中含F 是原文前提，排除)
(B) Some fullerenes have also been found on theremains of a small meteorite that collided with a spacecraft.(F 同时在陨石上发现，不能weaken结论)
(C) The mineral shungite itself contains largeamounts of carbon, from which the fullerenes apparently formed.(S由大量的C原子构成，F也有大量C形成无关)
(D) The naturally occurring fullerenes arearranged in a previously unknown crystalline structure.(自然界中的F是以一种未知的结构存在，潜在说明自然界的F和实验室的F不是一码事)
(E) Shungite itself is formed only underdistinctive conditions.(S 本身在特定条件条件下形成，support结论)

2. (24227-!-item-!-188;#058&000711)

Economist: On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuriesresulting from a fall costs $11,000. Anew therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances offalling. Though obviously desirable formany reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot bejustified.

Weaken 结论
前提：（1）目前治疗老年人跌倒的的费用11000刀
（2）一个新的项目能显著降低费用
（3）这个费用花12500刀
结论：不采用
Which of the following, if true, most seriouslyundermines the conclusion of the argument?

(A) Among elderly people who had followed theprogram for only a few months, the number of serious falls reported was higherthan it was for people who had followed the program for its recommended minimumlength of one year. (使用了几个月的program的人花费的费用超过使用1年的，部分的weaken)
(B) Falls resulting in serious injuries are lesscommon among elderly people living in nursing homes than they are among elderlypeople who live alone at home( 跌倒损伤常见于独自在家的老人，而不是在nursing的. 无关)
(C) A frequent result of injuries sustained infalls is long-term pain, medication for which is not counted among the averageper-person costs of emergency treatment for elderly people's injuries from suchfalls.(指出长期的medication花费巨大，而且没有被计算在费用内，直接undermine原文结论)
(D) The new therapeutic program focuses ontherapies other than medication, since overmedication can cause disorientationand hence increase the likelihood that an elderly person will have a seriousfall.(新的项目注重于治疗而不是药物｀｀｀｀｀直接无关)
(E) A significant portion of the cost of the newtherapeutic program is represented by regular visits by health careprofessionals, the costs of which tend to increase more rapidly than do thoseof other elements of the program.(直接说明了cost of program还有其它增长的可能性，属于support)

bonfin · 发表于 2011-10-25 20:07:40

谁能解这两道逻辑？

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