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小安阅读40,两道题

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楼主
发表于 2020-8-11 05:50:15 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
[url=]Passage 40 (40/63[/url])
[size=1em]Japanese firms have achieved the highest levels of manufacturing efficiency in the world automobile industry. Some observers of Japan have assumed that Japanese firms use the same manufacturing equipment and techniques as United States firms but have benefited from the unique characteristics of Japanese employees and the Japanese culture. However, if this were true, then one would expect Japanese auto plants in the United States to perform no better than factories run by United States companies. This is not the case; Japanese-run automobile plants located in the United States and staffed by local workers have demonstrated higher levels of productivity when compared with factories owned by United States companies.

[size=1em]Other observers link high Japanese productivity to higher levels of capital investment per worker. But a historical perspective leads to a different conclusion. When the two top Japanese automobile makers matched and then doubled United States productivity levels in the mid-sixties, capital investment per employee was comparable to that of United States firms. Furthermore, by the late seventies, the amount of fixed assets required to produce one vehicle was roughly equivalent in Japan and in the United States.

[size=1em]Since capital investment was not higher in Japan, it had to be other factors that led to higher productivity. A more fruitful explanation may lie with Japanese production techniques. Japanese automobile producers did not simply implement conventional processes more effectively: they made critical changes in United States procedures. For instance, the mass-production philosophy of United States automakers encouraged the production of huge lots of cars in order to utilize fully expensive, component-specific equipment and to occupy fully workers who have been trained to execute one operation efficiently. Japanese automakers chose to make small-lot production feasible by introducing several departures from United States practices, including the use of flexible equipment that could be altered easily to do several different production tasks and the training of workers in multiple jobs. Automakers could schedule the production of different components or models on single machines, thereby eliminating the need to store the buffer stocks of extra components that result when specialized equipment and workers are kept constantly active.


2. The author suggests that if the observers of Japan mentioned in line 3 were correct, which of the following would be the case?

(A) The equipment used in Japanese automobile plants would be different from the equipment used in United States plants.
(B) Japanese workers would be trained to do several different production jobs.
(C) Culture would not have an influence on the productivity levels of workers.
(D) The workers in Japanese-run plants would have higher productivity levels regardless of where they were located.
(E) The production levels of Japanese-run plants located in the United States would be equal to those of plants run by United States companies.


错选了D,定位“Japan have assumed that Japanese firms use the same manufacturing equipment (5) and techniques as United States firms but have benefited from the unique characteristics of Japanese employees and the Japanese culture.” 按我的理解,如果日本人得益于民族文化和员工特点,那么他们就应该是“不论在哪里都有很高的生产力”,员工去了美国也应该有很高生产力,和原文第一段后半截相反,正好就是D的意思啊........


5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph?

(A) A thesis is presented and supporting examples are provided.
(B) Opposing views are presented, classified, and then reconciled.
(C) A fact is stated, and an explanation is advanced and then refuted.
(D) A theory is proposed, considered, and then amended.
(E) An opinion is presented, qualified, and then reaffirmed.


这个错选了C。我认为第一段第一句话是fact,“Japanese firms have achieved the highest levels of manufacturing efficiency in the world automobile industry.
中间部分提出一个解释,“Some observers of Japan have assumed that Japanese firms use the same manufacturing equipment and techniques as United States firms but have benefited from the unique characteristics of Japanese employees and the Japanese culture.
后面用例子反驳这个解释。“however....”
为啥答案是B.........
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沙发
发表于 2020-8-12 21:05:49 | 只看该作者
Japanese-run automobile plants located in the United States and staffed by local workers have demonstrated higher levels of productivity when compared with factories owned by United States companies.在美国的日本企业雇佣美国工人,按理说应该和美国公司的生产效率一样。所以选e
第二题正确答案选c
板凳
 楼主| 发表于 2020-8-13 05:20:12 | 只看该作者
断了的弦 发表于 2020-8-12 21:05
Japanese-run automobile plants located in the United States and staffed by local workers have demons ...

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