OG12 51,63,67,107 请大家指教下～

ralachen · 发表于 2009-12-4 15:53:14

51. One variety of partially biodegradable plastic beverage containeris manufactured from small bits of plastic bound together by adegradable bonding agent such as cornstarch. Since only the bondingagent degrades, leaving the small bits of plastic, no less plasticrefuse per container is produced when such containers are discardedthan when comparable nonbiodegradable containers are discarded.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?

(A) Both partially biodegradable and nonbiodegradable plastic beveragecontainers can be crushed completely flat by refuse compactors.
(B) The partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers are madewith more plastic than comparable nonbiodegradable ones in order tocompensate for the weakening effect of the bonding agents.
(C) Many consumers are ecology-minded and prefer to buy a product soldin the partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers rather thanin nonbiodegradable containers, even if the price is higher.
(D) The manufacturing process for the partially biodegradable plasticbeverage containers results in less plastic waste than themanufacturing process for nonbiodegradable plastic beverage containers.
(E) Technological problems with recycling currently prevent the reuseas food or beverage containers of the plastic from either type ofplastic beverage container.

A: Nonbiodegradable plastic containers can be crushed completely flat. Tosay that biodegradable ones can be completely crushed also is perfectlycompatible with saying that they contain less plastic.
答案没问题，但是A选项的解释如何理解，不明白

63. When hypnotized subjects are told that they are deaf and are thenasked whether they can hear the hypnotist, they reply, “No.” Sometheorists try to explain this result by arguing that the selves ofhypnotized subjects are dissociated into separate parts, and that thepart that is deaf is dissociated from the part that replies.

Which of the following challenges indicates the most serious weakness in the attempted explanation described above?

(A) Why does the part that replies not answer, “Yes”?
(B) Why are the observed facts in need of any special explanation?
(C) Why do the subjects appear to accept the hypnotist’s suggestion that they are deaf?
(D) Why do hypnotized subjects all respond the same way in the situation described?
(E) Why are the separate parts of the self the same for all subjects?

Reasoning Which question points to a weakness in the theory? According to the theory, hypnotized people dissociate themselves into separate parts: the hearing part and the deaf part.Th en, they must be using the hearing part of themselves when theyrespond to the hypnotist’s question; obviously, if they were using thedeaf part of themselves at that point, they
would not hear or thus respond at all. So, if they are using the hearing part of themselves,
as the theorists maintain, why would they respond “No” to the question, “Can you hear
me?” Th e hearing part would more logically answer “Yes.”
答案A
这道题思路还是理不清，文中分成the deaf part和the replying part. 为什么划线部分只说dissociatethemselves into separate parts: the hearing part and the deaf part. 虽然可以从文中可以推出the hearing part.

67. Several industries have recently switched at least partly fromolder technologies powered by fossil fuels to new technologies poweredby electricity. It is thus evident that less fossil fuel is being usedas a result of the operations of these industries than would have beenused if these industries had retained their older technologies.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument above?

(A) Many of the industries that have switched at least partly to the new technologies have increased their output.
(B) Less fossil fuel was used to manufacture the machinery employed inthe new technologies than was originally used to manufacture themachinery employed in the older technologies.
(C) More electricity is used by those industries that have switched atleast partly to the new technologies than by those industries that havenot switched.
(D) Some of the industries that have switched at least partly to thenew technologies still use primarily technologies that are powered byfossil fuels.
(E) The amount of fossil fuel used to generate the electricity neededto power the new technologies is less than the amount that would havebeen used to power the older technologies.

答案同样没问题不明白解释为什么A说是slightly weakens ，我一开始认为是无关项
A: In an indirect way, this option slightly weakens rather than strengthens the argument. For if
fossil fuels are used to produce the electricity now used by the industries and if it is because of
these newer technologies that output has increased, the argument’s conclusion is less likely.

107. Last year all refuse collected by Shelbyville city services wasincinerated. This incineration generated a large quantity of residualash. In order to reduce the amount of residual ash Shelbyvillegenerates this year to half of last year’s total, the city has revampedits collection program. This year city services will separate forrecycling enough refuse to reduce the number of truckloads of refuse tobe incinerated to half of last year’s number.

Which of the following is required for the revamped collection program to achieve its aim?

(A) This year, no materials that city services could separate for recycling will be incinerated.
(B) Separating recyclable materials from materials to be incineratedwill cost Shelbyville less than half what it cost last year to disposeof the residual ash.
(C) Refuse collected by city services will contain a larger proportion of recyclable materials this year than it did last year.
(D) The refuse incinerated this year will generate no more residual ashper truckload incinerated than did the refuse incinerated last year.
(E) The total quantity of refuse collected by Shelbyville city servicesthis year will be no greater than that collected last year.
答案

Reasoning Which option isrequired if the city’s revamped collection program is to achieve itsaim? Cutting the number of truckloads of refuse in half must reduce theamount of residual ash to half last year’s level. But if removal ofthe recycled refuse does not proportionately reduce the amount of ash,this will not happen. So ifthe amount of residual ash produced per truckload increases afterrecycling, then the amount of ash produced will not be cut in half bycutting in half the number of truckloads.

错选了C
后来看了看题目，觉得aim是“ to reduce the number of truckloads of refuse to be incinerated”，所以C应该无关，但是og的解释是这样的：
C: Since no information is provided about how much, if any, recyclablematerials were removed from the refuse last year, this does not affectthe reasoning.
如果按这个思路，为什么D是对的

从pdf拷过来格式一塌糊涂，不好意思了
请大家指教，谢谢

willacox · 发表于 2009-12-5 14:29:56

107. Last year all refuse collected by Shelbyville city services wasincinerated. This incineration generated a large quantity of residualash. In order to reduce the amount of residual ash Shelbyvillegenerates this year to half of last year’s total, the city has revampedits collection program. This year city services will separate forrecycling enough refuse to reduce the number of truckloads of refuse tobe incinerated to half of last year’s number.

Which of the following is required for the revamped collection program to achieve its aim?

(A) This year, no materials that city services could separate for recycling will be incinerated.
(B) Separating recyclable materials from materials to be incineratedwill cost Shelbyville less than half what it cost last year to disposeof the residual ash.
(C) Refuse collected by city services will contain a larger proportion of recyclable materials this year than it did last year.
(D) The refuse incinerated this year will generate no more residual ashper truckload incinerated than did the refuse incinerated last year.
(E) The total quantity of refuse collected by Shelbyville city servicesthis year will be no greater than that collected last year.

这题我选了E, 我觉得C非常牵强. 即使每车出来的灰比去年少, 如果他垃圾量大增, 灰的总量也肯定会相应增加的

而E, 按照它的解释, 就是它可以不拖那么多车进去而达到减半的目的, 我靠, 不拖进去, 垃圾都放哪, TMD出题人把那垃圾全部吞掉?

gaohuiwy · 发表于 2009-12-5 23:34:14

今天刚好在看51题，发表下拙见

题目的结论是[bio的分解残余 is no less than nonbio的]，要去support它，就是要反驳[biodegradable ones contain less plastic than nonbio ]的说法
而A项我理解的是nonbiodegradable plastic containers和biodegradable plastic containers都可以被压平，也就是说对于这两者来说是一样的，这不影响biodegradable ones contain less plastic的说法，因此没有strengthen结论。

说的有点绕，原谅~

ralachen · 发表于 2009-12-6 19:40:21

今天刚好在看51题，发表下拙见

题目的结论是[bio的分解残余 is no less than nonbio的]，要去support它，就是要反驳[biodegradable ones contain less plastic than nonbio ]的说法
而A项我理解的是nonbiodegradable plastic containers和biodegradable plastic containers都可以被压平，也就是说对于这两者来说是一样的，这不影响biodegradable ones contain less plastic的说法，因此没有strengthen结论。

说的有点绕，原谅~

-- by 会员 gaohuiwy (2009/12/5 23:34:14)

谢谢
不过我不明白的是，既然都说了两者都可以被压平，之后为什么又说“perfectly compatible with saying that they contain less plastic”

gaohuiwy · 发表于 2009-12-7 19:59:03

结论是 no less plastic refuse per container is produced when such containers are discarded than when comparable nonbiodegradable containers are discarded
要去strengthen这句话
A选项perfectly compatible with （完全可以并存）saying that they（指代partially biodegradable plastic beverage containeris ） contain less plastic.

A的解析就是说，A选项刚好与结论的反面相容，所以不能strenghten。

tjr · 发表于 2009-12-7 20:24:16

结论是 no less plastic refuse per container is produced when such containers are discarded than when comparable nonbiodegradable containers are discarded
要去strengthen这句话
A选项perfectly compatible with （完全可以并存）saying that they（指代partially biodegradable plastic beverage containeris ） contain less plastic.

A的解析就是说，A选项刚好与结论的反面相容，所以不能strenghten。

-- by 会员 gaohuiwy (2009/12/7 19:59:03)

这个解释正确！

ralachen · 发表于 2009-12-7 23:36:50

结论是 no less plastic refuse per container is produced when such containers are discarded than when comparable nonbiodegradable containers are discarded
要去strengthen这句话
A选项perfectly compatible with （完全可以并存）saying that they（指代partially biodegradable plastic beverage containeris ） contain less plastic.

A的解析就是说，A选项刚好与结论的反面相容，所以不能strenghten。

-- by 会员 gaohuiwy (2009/12/7 19:59:03)

这个解释正确！

-- by 会员 tjr (2009/12/7 20:24:16)

gaohuiwy，不好意思...难道我钻进死胡同了

A选项我当初认为是无关项
刚刚把解释翻成中文，再看一遍，还是没有能够明白，不知道是不是理解出了误差...

A选项：可生物降解的塑料容器和不可生物降解的塑料容器都能被完全压平
A的解释：不可生物降解的塑料容器可以被完全压平。如果可生物降解的容器能被完全压平的话，也就是说他们含有更少的塑料。

可生物降解的容器能被压平，难道就能推出含有更少的塑料? 纠结=,=

sunyan730 · 发表于 2009-12-7 23:57:54

51，原文的结论是：no less plasticrefuse per container is produced when such containers are discardedthan when comparable nonbiodegradable containers are discarded.
降解容器留下的塑料垃圾不必非降解的少。也就是说至少两者留下的垃圾是一样多的，或者非降解大于等于非降解。根据结论找选项有管无关就好了啊。
(B) The partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers are madewith more plastic than comparable nonbiodegradable ones in order tocompensate for the weakening effect of the bonding agents.
为了补偿粘合剂差的效果，降解塑料容器要用更多的塑料。完全符合啊。

a选项我是这么理解的：两者都能被压平，说明两者在某些属性是一样的，但是两者的塑料含量是否一样多，选项没有给出，所以也不好推断。

ralachen · 发表于 2009-12-8 00:13:14

51，原文的结论是：no less plasticrefuse per container is produced when such containers are discardedthan when comparable nonbiodegradable containers are discarded.
降解容器留下的塑料垃圾不必非降解的少。也就是说至少两者留下的垃圾是一样多的，或者非降解大于等于非降解。根据结论找选项有管无关就好了啊。
(B) The partially biodegradable plastic beverage containers are madewith more plastic than comparable nonbiodegradable ones in order tocompensate for the weakening effect of the bonding agents.
为了补偿粘合剂差的效果，降解塑料容器要用更多的塑料。完全符合啊。

a选项我是这么理解的：两者都能被压平，说明两者在某些属性是一样的，但是两者的塑料含量是否一样多，选项没有给出，所以也不好推断。

-- by 会员 sunyan730 (2009/12/7 23:57:54)

所以我就不明白既然两者某些属性差不多，为什么og能解释另外一种含有的塑料更少...

sunyan730 · 发表于 2009-12-8 00:17:20

63题，我也看了好多遍，纠结了很长时间。这题不是驳斥，而是指出错误。
所以要找出文章的逻辑错吴？其实这个原文不难，就是一个现象导致结论。A-B。那么这个逻辑错误就是A-B。
结论：催眠的人把他们自己分成了2个独立的部分，听不见的部分和回答的部分，他们相互独立没有联系。
前提：问他们是否能听见，回答说“不”。
这种题用相关一个一个排除把。最后也就是A 是相关的了。
如果og上的解释看不明白的话，那就过一天再看，不要太纠结吗

OG12 51,63,67,107 请大家指教下～

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