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35-37. GWD-23-Q25-Q27 A pressing need in the study of organizations is formore research into how an organization’s values (an organization’s guidingprinciples and beliefs as perceived by its members) affect managerialdecision-making. Traditional theories have been based on a “rational model,” which focuses on thedecision-maker and either ignores the organizational value climate orconveniently assumes that the organization’s values are consistent or clearly prioritized. Inreality, however, decisions are shaped not only by a manager’s own values, butalso by those of the corporate culture and of organizational superiors. A recent study found that managers’ most stressfuldecisions involved “value contention” (conflicts among any of these sets ofvalues). Furthermore, different types oforganizational value systems were associated with different frequencies ofcontending values as well as with different types of managerial response. Explicit corporate values, for example,produced a greater percentage of decisions that were stressful due to valuecontention. Hidden values (those that anorganization practices but does not acknowledge or which a superior furtivelypursues in opposition to the values of the organization) produced a lower levelof value contention. Although explicit values created more value contention,they were nonetheless more likely to produce flexible, well-reasoned decisions.Conversely, managers perplexed by hidden values reported feeling unable toidentify an appropriate range of options. ---------------------------------------------- 36. GWD23-Q26: The passage identifieswhich of the following as a way in which hidden corporate values affectmanagerial decision-making? A. They tend to discourage consultation with organizationalsubordinates and superiors. B. They tend to undermine managers’ confidence in their ownability to determine the available alternatives. C. They tend to produce a heightened degree of valuecontention. D. They tend to produce a heightened degree of conflict amongdifferent levels of the organizational structure. E. They tend to cause greater anxiety among managers than doexplicit corporate values.
答案是B
请问是不是因为最后一句Conversely, managers perplexed by hidden values reported feeling unable to identify an appropriate range of options. 所以选的B呢？
------------------------------------------------------------------ 37. GWD23-Q27: According to the passage,value contention has been shown to affect managers by A. decreasing their ability to conform to the values of theorganization B. decreasing their ability to discern clearly the guidingprinciples and beliefs of the organization C. narrowing their range of options in the decision-makingprocess D. increasing the frequency and intensity of conflicts withsuperiors and subordinates E. increasing the level of mental or emotional strain thataccompanies the decision-making process 答案是E 求助牛牛从哪里看出来的呢？非常感谢！！！
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