求助费费两道题---100+102

pipi198906 · 发表于 2010-11-10 17:16:50

Zelda: Dr. Ladlow, a research psychologist, has convincingly demonstrated that his theory about the determinants of rat behavior generates consistently accurate predictions about how rats will perform in a maze. On the basis of this evidence, Dr. Ladlow has claimed that his theory is irrefutably correct.
Anson: Then Dr. Ladlow is not a responsible psychologist, Dr. Ladlow’s evidence does not conclusively prove that his theory is correct. Responsible psychologists always accept the possibility that new evidence will show that their theories are incorrect.

100. Which one of the following can be properly inferred from Anson’s argument?
(A) Dr. Ladlow’s evidence that his theory generates consistently accurate predictions about how rats will perform in a maze is inaccurate.
(B) Psychologists who can derive consistently accurate predictions about how rats will perform in a maze from their theories cannot responsibly conclude that those theories cannot be disproved.
(C) No matter how responsible psychologists are, they can never develop correct theoretical explanations.
(D) Responsible psychologists do not make predictions about how rats will perform in a maze.
(E) Psychologists who accept the possibility that new evidence will show that their theories are incorrect are responsible psychologists.
这道题正确答案为B，可是怎么看都不像！！为什么？

The brains of identical twins are genetically identical. When only one of a pair of identical twins is a schizophrenic, certain areas of the affected twin’s brain are smaller than corresponding areas in the brain of the unaffected twin. No such differences are found when neither twin is schizophrenic. Therefore, this discovery provides definitive evidence that schizophrenia is caused by damage to the physical structure of the brain.

102. Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?
(A) The brain of a person suffering from schizophrenia is smaller than the brain of anyone not suffering from schizophrenia. -
(B) The relative smallness of certain parts of the brains of schizophrenics is not the result of schizophrenia or of medications used in its treatment.
(C) The brain of a person with an identical twin is no smaller, on average, than the brain of a person who is not a twin.
(D) When a pair of identical twins both suffer from schizophrenia, their brains are the same size.
(E) People who have an identical twin are no more likely to suffer from schizophrenia than those who do not.

正确答案为B
我竟然觉着B像驳斥，完全反了，救命啊~~~

kevin0214 · 发表于 2010-11-10 17:49:36

第一题：因为所有负责任的心理学家总是接受会有新的证据反驳自己结论的可能性。所以一个心理学家（从句解释这个心理学家做了什么）不能负责任地说自己的研究的结论是无可反驳的。请忽略从句里的内容，无论用了 consistently，accurate predictions 这样的词。它的逻辑框架不受从句里具体内容的影响。
所有的P（负责任的心理学家）都是Q（接受会有新的证据反驳自己结论的可能性），所以非Q（不接受新的证据反驳自己结论的可能性），则非P（负责任的心理学家）。
其实我很想用一个句简单的话来解释：所有科学理论都是不能被证实，只能被证伪的。牛顿定律无论它精确地预测了多少现象，我们也不能说它被证实了，只能说目前没有证据证明它不对。当然，我们作逻辑的时候不能引入常识。

第二题：题目给的是一种相关性，精神分裂和大脑的某个部分比较小。永远记住相关性不代表因果关系，X和Y有相关性，有四种可能的关系，X导致Y，Y导致X，Z导致了X、Y，X和Y互相作用。B选项排除了Y（精神分裂）导致X（大脑某个部分比较小）的可能性，进而支持了原结论：X（大脑某个部分比较小）导致Y（精神分裂），它就是假设。

sdcar2010 · 发表于 2010-11-10 22:08:47

For the first one, look at the statement made by Mr. Anson: Responsible psychologists always accept the possibility that new evidence will show that their theories are incorrect.

Then write a contrapositive thereof: Psychologist who do not always accept the possiblity that their theories might be disproved are not responsible. This is pretty much what answer B is saying if you plug in what Dr. Ladlow did.

gkast · 发表于 2010-11-11 00:00:20

schizophrenia is caused by damage to the physical structure of the brain.
so: damage of the brain -> schizophrenia.

(B) The relative smallness of certain parts of the brains of schizophrenics is not the result of schizophrenia or of medications used in its treatment.

B says: schizophrenia is NOT -> smallness of certain parts of the brain

明白这个次序的分别吗?

pipi198906 · 发表于 2010-11-13 10:38:31

谢谢，LS明白了~~~

佳佳07lksyblj · 发表于 2011-8-1 08:54:22

求助费费两道题---100+102

所属分类: GMAT考试

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