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Exposure to certain chemicals commonly used in elementary schools as cleaners or pesticides causes allergic reactions in some children. Elementary school nurses in Renston report that the proportion of schoolchildren sent to them for treatment of allergic reactions to those chemicals has increased significantly over the past ten years. Therefore, either Renston's schoolchildren have been exposed to greater quantities of the chemicals, or they are more sensitive to them than schoolchildren were ten years ago.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

正确答案: C

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GWD里的一道题想不明白

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发表于 2010-9-1 00:00:12 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式
GWD7-Q5:

Exposure to certain chemicals commonly used in elementary schools as cleaners or pesticides causes allergic reactions in some children.Elementary school nurses in Renston report that the proportion of schoolchildren sent to them for treatment of allergic reactions to those chemicals has increased significantly over the past ten years.Therefore, either Renston’s schoolchildren have been exposed to greater quantities of the chemicals, or they are more sensitive to them than schoolchildren were ten years ago.

Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?



A.The number of school nurses employed by Renston’s elementary schools has not decreased over the past ten years.

B.Children who are allergic to the chemicals are no more likely than other children to have allergies to other substances.

C.Children who have allergic reactions to the chemicals are not more likely to be sent to a school nurse now than they were ten years ago.

D.The chemicals are not commonly used as cleaners or pesticides in houses and apartment buildings in Renston.

E.Children attending elementary school do not make up a larger proportion of Renston’s population now than they did ten years ago.




就想不明白为什么选C啊?= =。。。
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沙发
发表于 2010-9-1 00:23:33 | 只看该作者
the proportion of schoolchildren sent to them for treatment of allergic reactions to those chemicals has increased significantly over the past ten years----------这句是作者得出结论的原因。either Renston’s schoolchildren have been exposed to greater quantities of the chemicals, or they are more sensitive to them than schoolchildren were ten years ago.------------作者的结论

C选项否定了一个可以使结论不成立的因素,也作为了结论的假设。如果有过敏反应的学生比十年前更加可能去(个人感觉过敏的人主动去)医院的话,那么比例的增加就是一个很正常的现象,作者也就得不出结论了。所以要把它否定掉
板凳
发表于 2010-9-1 00:27:18 | 只看该作者
(C)    实际上的意思就是,十年来,因为过敏而找护士报到的比例,一直是相同的
十年前十个学生过敏有六个学生会去找护士,现在仍然是六个,这样才可以让这十年间的比较基准相同,如果十年前是十个学生里六个找护士,现在却是十个里有九个,那么实际上增加的就不是有过敏反应的学生了
学童因过敏而送医的比例若相同,才能确定十年间增加的就医学童是确实增加而不是比例增加,才可以判断是否” either Renston’s schoolchildren have been exposed to greater quantities of the chemicals, or they are more sensitive to them than schoolchildren were ten years ago”
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