GWD3的一道小逻辑题

PandaW · 发表于 2017-1-25 08:13:08

It is true of bothmen and women that those who marry as young adults live longer than those whonever marry. This dose not show thatmarriage causes people to live longer, since, as compared with other people ofthe same age, young adults who are about to get married have fewer of theunhealthy habits that can cause a person to have a shorter life, most notablysmoking and immoderate drinking of alcohol.

Which of thefollowing, if true, most strengthens the argument above?

A. Marriage tends to cause people to engageless regularly in sports that involve risk of bodily harm.

B. A married person who has an unhealthy habitis more likely to give up that habit than a person with the same habit who isunmarried.

C. A person who smokes is much more likely thana nonsmoker to marry a person who smokes at the time of marriage, and the sameis true for people who drink alcohol immoderately.

D. Among people who marry as young adults, mostof those who give up an unhealthy habit after marriage do not resume the habitlater in life.

E. Among people who as young adults neitherdrink alcohol immoderately nor smoke, those who never marry live as long asthose who marry.

请教一些达人们，标红的这段话，它到底表述的是那一类人群的？我不知道选哪一个选项估计是因为没有读懂这句话，哪位达人可以解释一下这个题干吗？单词都认识但是就是这段红色的文字让我对这整段话有点懵

Gkibt · 发表于 2017-1-25 11:24:11

题干翻译：
一个事实对于男人和女人来说就是这些（男人和女人）在young adults时期结婚比这些（男人和女人）没有结婚的人活的更长。但是这不表明婚姻会导致人们长寿，因为，在与同时期的人比较时，young adults 【结婚的】几乎没有不健康的习惯（导致寿命短, 像是重度吸烟或是过度饮酒）。

题目的结构：事实，结论，解释

事实：讨论男人和女人在young adults时期结婚导致寿命长的事情。

提干顺着读下来，要清楚那个是结论，也就是上面红字部分：结婚不会导致长寿。

为了去证明这个结论，后面给出了原因解释：因为这些在young adults时就结婚的人是因为本身他们就没有坏习惯。

问加强，加强的对象就是结婚不会导致长寿。

再看题目，题目里有小词（特别注意词）提到过：young adults，marriage，unhealthy habit。

题目里已经提出说 young adults 和 unhealthy habit这2个因素可以说明婚姻不会导致长寿，那么你要再找加强的地方，就要从 marriage这快入手。

选项：
A 有weaken的嫌疑，而且还得需要自己脑补bodyly hard 与 live longer间的关系，排。
B 无关，题目并没有讨论你give up habit 这个事情排
C 无关，吸烟与酗酒间的对比，不是题目讨论的事情排
D 还是一个give up 不 give up的问题，不是直接能说明婚姻不会导致长寿间的关系排
E 既不酗酒也不吸烟的人不结婚跟结婚的人活的一样长。很好提到了结婚，也提到了没有unhealthy habit，留着。
答案：E

PandaW · 发表于 2017-1-25 12:01:43

Gkibt 发表于 2017-1-25 11:24
题干翻译：
一个事实对于男人和女人来说就是这些（男人和女人）在young adults时期结婚比这些（男人和女人 ...

噢，原来后面标红的那段比较长的文字可以不用管它，只抓住主要线索去推理，明白了，谢谢达人

猪小王 · 发表于 2017-1-26 04:57:46

Counter-premise: It is true of both men and women that those who marry as young adults live longerthan those who never marry. Premise: since,as compared with other people of the same age, young adults who are about toget married have fewer of the unhealthy habits that can cause a person to havea shorter life, most notably smoking and immoderate drinking of alcohol.
Conclusion: Thisdose not show that marriage causes people to live longer.

most notably smoking and immoderate drinking of alcohol是the unhealthy habits的同位语。这是test maker的trick，让句子变复杂。
young adults who are about to get married have fewer of the unhealthy habits （快结婚的）年轻人有很少不健康的习惯。

作者认为(1) there is no casual relationship between marriage and live longer, but (2) there is a casual relationship between healthy habits and live longer.
So, in order to strengthen the argument, we need to find an answer to do one of the following two things:
(1) Eliminate any factor that shows there is a casual relationship between marriage and live longer,
(2) Introduce an evidence to increase the possibility that NOT marriage BUT healthy habits themselves cause a person to have a longer life.

A. Marriage tends to cause .... Weaken, this answer uses an observation to show that there is casual relationship between marraige and less engaging in sports (so less harm to the body)

B. Weaken, this answer shows there is casual relationship bwtween marriage and giving up unhealthy habits

C. use 什么样的人和什么样的人结婚 to argue… out of scope

D. Weaken, since thisanswer shows there is relationship between marriage and do not resume unhealthy habits

E. Correct, this is saying thathealthy people live longer, 和marriage与否无关, Strengthen the argument

PandaW · 发表于 2017-1-26 05:51:41

猪小王发表于 2017-1-26 04:57
Counter-premise: Itis true of both men and women that those who marry as young adults live longertha ...

同意！

[逻辑小分队] GWD3的一道小逻辑题

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