OG11 阅读15求翻译！

linklisa · 发表于 2010-6-7 06:08:13

阅读做的火大啊！
求翻译！
It was once believed that the brain was independent of metabolic processes occurring elsewhere in the body. In recent studies, however, we have discovered that the production and release

(5)in brain neurons of the neurotransmitterserotonin (neurotransmitters are compounds that neurons use to transmit signals to other cells) depend directly on the food that the body processes.

Our first studies sought to determine whether

(10) the increase in serotonin observed in rats given a large injection of the amino acidtryptophan might also occur after rats ate meals that change tryptophan levels in the blood. We found that, immediately after the rats began to eat, parallel

(15) elevations occurred in blood tryptophan, brain tryptophan, and brain serotonin levels. These findings suggested that the production and release of serotonin in brain neurons were normally coupled with blood-tryptophan increases. In later studies we

(20) found that injecting insulin into a rat^'s bloodstream also caused parallel elevations in blood and brain tryptophan levels and in serotonin levels. We then decided to see whether the secretion of the animal's own insulin similarly affected serotonin production.

(25) We gave the rats a carbohydrate-containing meal that we knew would elicit insulin secretion. As we had hypothesized, the blood tryptophan level and the concentrations of tryptophan and of serotonin In the brain increased after the meal.

(30)Surprisingly, however, when we added a large amount of protein to the meal, brain tryptophan and serotonin levels fell. Since protein contains tryptophan, why should it depress brain tryptophan levels? The answer lies in the mechanism that

(35) provides blood tryptophan to the brain cells. This same mechanism also provides the brain cells with other amino acids found in protein, such as tyrosine and leucine. The consumption of protein increases blood concentration of the other amino acids much

(40) more, proportionately, than it does that of tryptophan. The more protein is in a meal, the lower is the ratio of the resulting blood-tryptophan concentration to the concentration of competing amino acids, and the more slowly is tryptophan provided to the brain.

(45) Thus the more protein in a meal, the less serotonin subsequently produced and released.

典座 · 发表于 2020-8-11 06:51:10

我这盘也错了很多，读文章的时候就头大了。翻译很烂，多多指教——

人们曾经认为大脑和新陈代谢过程在人体中是相互独立的。但是，在最近的研究中，我们发现，神经递质血清素（neurotransmitter serotonin）在大脑神经元中的产生和释放直接依赖于在身体中的食物。

我们的第一个研究旨在确认，当小鼠被注射大量氨基酸的色氨酸（amino acid tryptophan）后，血清素明显增加，（第三题）这种现象（血清素增加）是否也出现在小鼠进食后，色氨酸在血液中变化。（这句话好难翻译，第三题完全考察读不读的懂这句话。）我们发现，小鼠刚开始进食的那一刻，它们的血液色氨酸、大脑色氨酸和大脑血清素水平也随之升高。这些发现说明，在大脑神经元处产生和释放血清素通常伴随着（couple with）血液中的色氨酸增加。（serotonin↑ => tryptophan↑） 在之后的研究中，我们发现给小鼠血管注射胰岛素也会导致血液和大脑色氨酸水平以及血清素水平的平行升高。我们之后计划查看是否动物自己分泌的胰岛素对血清素的产生有相同的影响。我们给小鼠含碳水的食物，我们知道这些食物会引起胰岛素分泌。就像我们假设的，小鼠吃饭后，血液中的色氨酸和色氨酸的浓度，以及大脑中的血清素都增加了。（小鼠吃碳水 => insulin ↑ =>tryptophan↑ & serotonin↑）

令人惊讶的是，当我面给食大量蛋白质时，大脑色氨酸和血清素下降。（小鼠吃蛋白质 => tryptophan↓ & serotonin↓） 因为蛋白质包含色氨酸，为神马蛋白质阻碍大脑中的色氨酸含量？原因在向脑细胞提供血液色氨酸的机制。（第六题）这个大脑细胞的相同机制也产生蛋白质包含的其他氨基酸，比如Ty和Le（没考到，懒得翻译了）蛋白质的消耗增加，血液中其他氨基酸也增加，其他氨基酸增加的量多于色氨酸增加的量。食物中包含的蛋白质越多，比例越低，比例=血液中色氨酸浓度/其他氨基酸浓度，大脑产生色氨酸会越慢。（第二题，只有这里有关于speed的话）因此，越多蛋白质在食物里，越少血清素产生和释放。

典座 · 发表于 2020-8-11 07:00:52

这篇文章错了6道，破纪录了，一怒之下翻译翻译.......再分析几道推理题——8.It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following would be LEAST likely to be a potential source of aid to a patient who was not adequately producing and releasing serotonin?

(A) Meals consisting almost exclusively of protein
(B) Meals consisting almost exclusively of carbohydrates
(C) Meals that would elicit insulin secretion
(D) Meals that had very low concentrations of tyrosine
(E) Meals that had very low concentrations of leucine

问最不可能成为血清素分泌不足病人的潜在解决办法？
碳水化合物↑ =》try↑ sero↑
蛋白质↑ =》try↓ =》sero↓ 读完文章搞清楚这俩就行了，ps：一定要读懂题，尤其阅读长题目的时候，感觉很多隐藏的坑。

9.It can be inferred from the passage that the authors initially held which of the following hypotheses about what would happen when they fed large amounts of protein to rats?

(A) The rats' brain serotonin levels would not decrease.
(B) The rats' brain tryptophan levels would decrease.
(C) The rats' tyrosine levels would increase less quickly than would their leucine levels.
(D) The rats would produce more insulin.
(E) The rats would produce neurotransmitters other than serotonin.

定位第三段Surprisingly, however, when we added a large amount of protein to the meal, brain tryptophan and serotonin levels fell. 他们很奇怪喂蛋白质使try和sero都下降了。问题问的是，他们喂蛋白质的时候的假设是啥？所以他们之前认为sero不会下降。有点绕，读题的时候还明明白白洪世贤，选的时候就跪了。

OG11 阅读15求翻译！

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