[求助]prep 1-2，3两题

搜过啦没找到，好象很少PREP的题目讨论，如果发重复了请斑竹暂缓几天再删除哦，谢谢~~~~

2.  (24227-!-item-!-188;#058&000711)

Economist:  On average, the emergency treatment for an elderly person for injuries resulting from a fall costs $11,000.  A new therapeutic program can significantly reduce an elderly person's chances of falling.  Though obviously desirable for many reasons, this treatment program will cost $12,500 and thus cannot be justified.

Which of the following, if true, most seriously undermines the conclusion of the argument?

(A) Among elderly people who had followed the program for only a few months, the number of serious falls reported was higher than it was for people who had followed the program for its recommended minimum length of one year.

(B) Falls resulting in serious injuries are less common among elderly people living in nursing homes than they are among elderly people who live alone at home.

(C) A frequent result of injuries sustained in falls is long-term pain, medication for which is not counted among the average per-person costs of emergency treatment for elderly people's injuries from such falls.

(D) The new therapeutic program focuses on therapies other than medication, since overmedication can cause disorientation and hence increase the likelihood that an elderly person will have a serious fall.

(E) A significant portion of the cost of the new therapeutic program is represented by regular visits by health care professionals, the costs of which tend to increase more rapidly than do those of other elements of the program.

答案为C，我选D，不否认C也是可以undermine的，可是我觉得D更好。

3.  (24275-!-item-!-188;#058&000768)

The prairie vole, a small North American grassland rodent, breeds year-round, and a group of voles living together consists primarily of an extended family, often including two or more litters.  Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups.  The seasonal variation in group size can probably be explained by a seasonal variation in mortality among young voles.

Which of the following, if true, provides the strongest support for the explanation offered?

(A) It is in the spring and early summer that prairie vole communities generally contain the highest proportion of young voles.

(B) Prairie vole populations vary dramatically in size from year to year.

(C) The prairie vole subsists primarily on broad-leaved plants that are abundant only in spring.

(D) Winters in the prairie voles' habitat are often harsh, with temperatures that drop well below freezing.

(E) Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, are active only from spring through early autumn.

答案为E，我选D，而且百思不得其解，E怎么就support了？

Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups. 题干的意思是from late autumn through winter那些young voles死亡率比较高，而from spring through early autumn那些young voles死亡率比较低对吗？

E选项说Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, are active only from spring through early autumn.说的是from spring through early autumn那些young voles死亡率更高阿，这不是和题干结论矛盾了吗？

而D选项说Winters in the prairie voles' habitat are often harsh, with temperatures that drop well below freezing.意思是在winter，天气冷，young voles御寒能力肯定比成年voles更容易死，所以支持了题干结论阿

楼上的MM，能麻烦你再给解释一下吗？我好象还没转过弯来。题干结论到底是什么呢？

关于第二题. d选项里面的overmedication有问题. 因为原文并没提到medication一定导致overmedication, 所以那therapy和overmedication比较是没有依据的.

拙见, 请nn指正.

Voles commonly live in large groups from late autumn through winter; from spring through early autumn, however, most voles live in far smaller groups. 题干的意思是from late autumn through winter那些young voles死亡率比较高，而from spring through early autumn那些young voles死亡率比较低对吗？

E选项说Snakes, a major predator of young prairie voles, are active only from spring through early autumn.说的是from spring through early autumn那些young voles死亡率更高阿，这不是和题干结论矛盾了吗？

而D选项说Winters in the prairie voles' habitat are often harsh, with temperatures that drop well below freezing.意思是在winter，天气冷，young voles御寒能力肯定比成年voles更容易死，所以支持了题干结论阿

楼上的MM，能麻烦你再给解释一下吗？我好象还没转过弯来。题干结论到底是什么呢？

春天到秋天smaller group说明有voles死去. 秋天到冬天larger group说明voles活的比较好!!!

嗯，应该是这样的，我想多了，想着voles是比较高智商的动物，它们懂得在young voles死亡率比较高的时候组成larger group来保护它们，例如有snake入侵时；而在young voles死亡率比较低的时候，就不需要组成larger group只要smaller group就可以了。

......

我也受不了自己这一系列的猜想和假设了，谢谢这位GG指正。

确实如此，最近做逻辑状态不好，总之擅自加假设条件。

关于第二题我还是有些疑问，请NN帮忙。我虽然选了C，而且仍感觉该选C，但是却还是不明白D为什么不对。选的时候感觉C选项是唯一比较了cost的选项所以才选的，但是还是有很多地方不明白，请教大家。

(C) A frequent result of injuries sustained in falls is long-term pain, medication for which is not counted among the average per-person costs of emergency treatment for elderly people's injuries from such falls.

摔伤急救治疗花费更多所以削弱啊

(D) The new therapeutic program focuses on therapies other than medication, since overmedication can cause disorientation and hence increase the likelihood that an elderly person will have a serious fall.

药物治疗还会导致摔倒，新的项目不会，所以削弱

C选项，虽然说没有count 那些medication for long term pain,但也不能因此就推理出medication for long term pain就比new therapeutic program 花得更多啊？

D选项，因为C也提到了medication,这里说overmedication 是可以推理的吧。medication治疗还会导致摔倒，新的项目不会，所以削弱。（我的这个推力缺了什么，多了什么？请大家帮忙看看）谢谢