狒狒逻辑－Q99.Q103

99. Concetta: Franchot was a great writer because she was ahead of her
time in understanding that industrialization was taking an unconscionable toll
on the family structure of the working class.

Alicia: Franchot was not a great writer.
The mark of a great writer is the ability to move people with the power of the
written word, not the ability to be among the first to grasp a social issue.
Besides, the social consequences of industrialization were widely understood in
Franchot’s day.

In her disagreement with Concetta, Alicia
does which one of the following?

(A) accepts Concetta’s criterion and then
adds evidence to Concetta’s case

(B) discredits Concetta’s evidence and then
generalizes from new evidence

(C) rejects Concetta’s
criterion and then disputes a specific claim

(D) disputes Concetta’s conclusion and then
presents facts in support of an alternative creterion

(E) attacks one of Concetta’s claims and
then criticizes the structure of her argument 

为什么不选择D项呢？请nn们解释下！！

103.The brains of identical twins are genetically
identical. When only one of a pair of identical twins is a schizophrenic,
certain areas of the affected twin’s brain are smaller than corresponding areas
in the brain of the unaffected twin. No such differences are found when neither
twin is schizophrenic. Therefore, this discovery provides definitive evidence
that schizophrenia is caused by damage to the physical structure of the brain. 

If the statements on which the conclusion above is based are all true,
each of the following could be true EXCEPT:

(A) People who lack a genetic
susceptibility for the disease will not develop schizophrenia

(B) Medications can control most of the
symptoms of schizophrenics share many of the characteristics found in those of
people without the disorder

(C) The brains of schizophrenics share many
of the characteristics found in those of people without the disorder

(D) It will eventually be
possible to determine whether or not someone will develop schizophrenia on the
basis of genetic information alone

(E) Brain abnormalities associated with
schizophrenia are the result of childhood viral infections that inhibit the
development of brain cells 

完全没看明白各个选项和题干的关系，麻烦帮忙解释下，谢谢！

第一题：是一道逻辑方法题和黑字题是一种类型

 C：F是一个伟大的作家，她在她那个时代就早早的认识到了，工业化将不合理的费用强加到工人阶级的头上（这点我翻译不好，但是不影响解题）

A：F不是一个伟大的作家，伟大的作家应该能写出让人感动的文章来，而不是专注社会问题。而且在F那个时期关于对工业化有了广泛的认识。

问 A反驳C的办法。

C的好作家的标准是她对社会的关注度，A认为的好作家标准应该看她文采如何。

首先说（D）选项为什么不对，D的前半部份是对的A先反驳了C的结论，后半部份错了，A举出的事实并没有证明新的标准，A举出的事实是F所在的时期大家已经对工业化有了广泛的认识和A关于好作家的标准没有任何关系。

（C）选项对的A就是先反驳了C的标准，然后做了一个陈述。

第二题:我也看不出来有什么联系。。。。

题目大意：同卵双胞胎的大脑基因相同，其中一个有精神分裂症，他的大脑的一部分小于另一个没有病的。没有得病得其他得双胞胎没发现这种差异。因此，说明精神分裂症是应为大脑得物理损伤引起得。

23.   Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?

(A) The brain of person suffering from schizophrenia is smaller than the brain of anyone not suffering from schizophrenia.

(B) The relative smallness of certain parts of the brains of schizophrenics is not the result of schizophrenia or of medications used in its treatment.

(C) The brain of a person with an identical twines is no smaller, on average, than the brain of person who is not a twin.

(D) When a pair of identical twins both suffer from schizophrenia, their brains are the same size

(E) People who have an identical twin are no more likely to suffer from schizophrenia than those who do not.

24.   If the statements on which the conclusion above is based are all true, each of the following could be true EXCEPT:

(A) People who lack a genetic susceptibility for the disease will not develop schizophrenia.

(B) Medications can control most of the symptoms of schizophrenia in most patients but will never be able to cure it.

(C) The brains of schizophrenics share many of the characteristics found in those of people without the disorder.

(D) It will eventually be possible to determine whether or not someone will develop schizophrenia on the basis of genetic information alone

(E) Brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia are the result of childhood viral infections that inhibit the development of brain cells.

我对103题的见解是：

A．取非来判断。

B. 此选项可看作是补充了文中提供的前提信息。

C. 也是补充了前提信息

D．从题中信息来看，不能单从遗传信息中推测某人会不会得精神分裂症，而是大脑的生理构造。

E．这个我也无法解释

103是到很好的题，但解起来其实就在一句话上 The brains of identical twins are genetically identical.题设第一句就是这个，所以 It will eventually be possible to determine whether or not someone will develop schizophrenia on the basis of genetic information alone。

我的思路是这样的：

原文第一句说，同卵双胞胎从基因上来说是完全一致的（genetically identical），这说明并不是基因差异导致其中之一得S病（突变不突变的问题文章没讨论，不能瞎猜）。

而D选项是说，只要（alone）根据基因信息就能判断是否会可能患S病，明显就和第一句的前提矛盾了。肯定错。

题目思路就是选一定错的那个，ABCE根据文章信息无法判断，不能说一定就是错的。