GWD-TN-16

derekdong · 发表于 2009-11-9 01:00:27

为什么选A，不选B：

3. GWD25-Q3.

Mel: The official salary for judges has always been too low to attract the best candidates to the job. The legislature’s move to raise the salary has done nothing to improve the situation, because it was coupled with a ban on receiving money for lectures and teaching engagements.

Pat: No, the raise in salary really does improve the situation. Since very few judges teach or give lectures, the ban will have little or no negative effect.

Pat’s response to Mel is inadequate in that it

A. attempts to assess how a certain change will affect potential members of a group by providing evidence about its effect on the current members.

B. mistakenly takes the cause of a certain change to be an effect of that change

C. attempts to argue that a certain change will have a positive effect merely by pointing to the absence of negative effects

D. simply denies Mel’s claim without putting forward any evidence in support of that denial

E. assumes that changes that benefit the most able members of a group necessarily benefit all members of that group.

为什么选择B, 不选择E：

11.GWD-19-Q30

Criminologist: Some legislators advocate mandating a sentence of life in prison for anyone who, having twice served sentences for serious crimes, is subsequently convicted of a third serious crime. These legislators argue that such a policy would reduce crime dramatically, since it would take people with a proven tendency to commit crimes off the streets permanently. What this reasoning overlooks, however, is that people old enough to have served two prison sentences for serious crimes rarely commit more than one subsequent crime. Filling our prisons with such individuals would have exactly the opposite of the desired effect, since it would limit our ability to incarcerate younger criminals, who commit a far greater proportion of serious crimes.

In the argument as a whole, the two boldfaced portions play which of the following roles?

A. The first is a conclusion that the argument as a whole seeks to refute; the second is a claim that has been advanced in support of that conclusion.

B. The first is a conclusion that the argument as a whole seeks to refute; the second is the main conclusion of the argument.

C. The first is the main conclusion of the argument; the second is an objection that has been raised against that conclusion.

D. The first is the main conclusion of the argument; the second is a prediction made on the basis of that conclusion.

E. The first is a generalization about the likely effect of a policy under consideration in the argument; the second points out a group of exceptional cases to which that generalization does not apply.

为什么选B，不选A：

12. GWD25-Q12.

In Kantovia, physicians’ income comes from insurance companies, which require physicians to document their decisions in treating patients and to justify deviations from the companies’ treatment guidelines. Ten years ago physicians were allowed more discretion. Most physicians believe that the companies’ requirements now prevent them from spending enough time with patients. Yet the average amount of time a patient spends with a physician during an office visit has actually increased somewhat over the last ten years.

Which of the following, if true, most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy between physicians’ perceptions and the change in the actual time spent?

A. Patients are more likely to be in a hurry nowadays and are less willing to wait a long time to see their physician.

B. Physicians today typically have a wider range of options in diagnosis and treatment to consider with the patient before prescribing.

C. Physicians are increasingly likely to work in group practices, sharing the responsibility of night and weekend work.

D. Most patients would rather trust their physicians than their insurance companies to make decisions about their treatment.

E. Since the insurance companies pay physicians a set amount for each office visit, it is to physicians’ financial advantage to see as many patients as possible.

为什么选C，不选A：

21. GWD25-Q21

Which of the following most logically completes the editorial below?

Editorial in Golbindian Newspaper:

For almost three months, opposition parties have been mounting daily street demonstrations in the capital in an effort to pressure the ruling party into calling an election. Though the demonstrations were well attended at first, attendance has declined steadily in recent weeks. However, the decline in attendance does not indicate that popular support for the opposition’s demands is dropping, since

A. the opposition’s demands have not changed during the period when the street demonstrations have been mounted.

B. No foreign governments have expressed any support for the opposition’s demands.

C. The state-controlled media have ceased any mention of the demonstrations, leaving many citizens outside the capital with no way of knowing that demonstrations continue.

D. There have not recently been any antigovernment demonstrations in cities other than the capital.

A recent sharp decrease in unemployment has led to increased popular support for the government.

为什么选B，不选A：

36. GWD25-Q36

The chemical adenosine is released by brain cells when those cells are active. Adenosine then binds to more and more sites on cells in certain areas of the brain, as the total amount released gradually increases during wakefulness. During sleep, the number of sites to which adenosine is bound decreases. Some researchers have hypothesized that it is the cumulative binding of adenosine to a large number of sites that causes the onset of sleep.

Which of the following, if true, provides the most support for the researchers’ hypothesis?

A. Even after long periods of sleep when adenosine is at its lowest concentration in the brain, the number of brain cells bound with adenosine remains very large.

B. Caffeine, which has the effect of making people remain wakeful, is known to interfere with the binding of adenosine to sites on brain cells.

C. Besides binding to sites in the brain, adenosine is known to be involved in biochemical reactions throughout the body.

D. Some areas of the brain that are relatively inactive nonetheless release some adenosine.

E. Stress resulting from a dangerous situation can preserve wakefulness even when brain levels of bound adenosine are high.

GWD-TN-16

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