Studies in restaurants show that the tips left by customers who pay their bill in cash tend to be larger when the bill is presented on a tray that bears a creditcard logo. Consumer psychologists hypothesize that simply seeing a credit-card logo makes many creditcard holders willing to spend more because it reminds them that their spending power exceeds the cash they have immediately available.

Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the psychologists' interpretation of the studies?

• AThe effect noted in the studies is not limited to patrons who have credit cards.  
• BPatrons who are under fi nancial pressure from their credit-card obligations tend to tip less when presented with a restaurant bill on a tray with a credit-card logo than when the tray has no logo.  
• CIn virtually all of the cases in the studies, the patrons who paid bills in cash did not possess credit cards.  
• DIn general, restaurant patrons who pay their bills in cash leave larger tips than do those who pay by credit card.  
• EThe percentage of restaurant bills paid with a given brand of credit card increases when that credit card's logo is displayed on the tray with which the bill is presented.