FeiFei-97

97. A scientific theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements: it must accurately describe a large class of observations in terms of a model that is simple enough to contain only a few elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations. For example, Aristotle’s cosmological theory, which claimed that everything was made out of four elements---earth, air, fire, and water---satisfied the first requirement, but it did not make any definite predictions. Thus, Aristotle’s cosmological theory was not a good theory.

If all the statements in the passage are true, each of the following must also be true EXCEPT:

A.        Prediction about the results of future observations must be made by any good scientific theory

B.        Observation of physical phenomena was not a major concern in Aristotle’s cosmological theory.

C.        For elements can be the basis of a scientific model that is simple enough to meet the simplicity criterion of a good theory.

D.       A scientific model that contains many elements is not a good theory.

E.        Aristotle’s cosmological theory described a large class of observations in terms of only four elements.

After analysis , we can find that the reasoning in this argument is that:

1>      it must accurately describe a large class of observations in terms of a model that is simple enough to contain only a few elements  and  2> it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations.ßà A scientific theory is a good theory

So , we can find all of choices except B satisfied with the original meaning.

B is not mentioned in this argument , so we can conclude whether B is also true.

So B is the best answer.

这里是怎么看出充分必要条件的呢？有点糊涂。。。

原题大意：

因为—— 一个好的理论必须满足2个条件：简化关键词+预测未来

         A理论不能预测未来，

所以——A理论不能满足全部2个条件，不是好理论

答案A意思是：好的理论才能预测未来，是对2个前提条件的反推

答案C意思是：好理论的关键词必须简化，是对第一个前提条件的肯定

答案D意思是：关键词不简化的理论不是好理论，是对第一个前提条件的逆否

答案E意思是：A的理论简化成为了4个关键词，是对第一个前提的例证

而答案B意思是：A的理论关注的不是观察，同本题主干无关。