22.
In the late 1980s, the population of sea otters in the North acific began to decline. There are two plausible explanations for the decline: predation, possibly by killer whales, or disease. Of these two, disease is the more likely, since a concurrent sharp decline in populations of seals and sea lions is believed to have been caused by disease, and diseases that infect these creatures are likely to be able to infect sea otters also.
逻辑简图:Disease killed seals and lions+disease will infect sea otters-----the explanation for the decline of sea otters is disease
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the reasoning?
(A) Killer whales in the North acific usually prey on seals and sea lions but will, when this food source is scarce, seek out other prey.(他因,說明應該是第一個原因) (B) There is no indication that the sea otter population at any North acific location declined in the 1980s because of substantial numbers of sea otters migrating to other locations.(感觉B也能解释啊,也算是一个他因吧) (C) Along the acific coast of North America in the 1980s, sea otters were absent from many locations where they had been relatively common in former times. (D) Following the decline in the population of the sea otters, there was an increase in the population of sea urchins, which are sea otters' main food source. (E) The North acific populations of seals and sea lions cover a wider geographic area than does the population of sea otters.
23. From 1978 to 1988, beverage containers accounted for a steadily decreasing percentage of the total weight of household garbage in the United States. The increasingly widespread practice of recycling aluminum and glass was responsible for most of this decline. However, although aluminum recycling was more widely practiced in this period than glass recycling, it was found that the weight of glass bottles in household garbage declined by a greater percentage than the weight of aluminum cans.
逻辑简图:aluminum recycling was more widely practiced in this period than glass recycling VS the weight of glass bottles in household garbage declined by a greater percentage than the weight of aluminum cans.
Which of the following, if true of the United States in the period 1978 to 1988, most helps to account for the finding?
(A) Glass bottles are significantly heavier than aluminum cans of comparable size.(重量也可以解释啊) (B) Recycled aluminum cans were almost all beverage containers, but a significant fraction of the recycled glass bottles had contained products other than beverages. (C) Manufacturers replaced many glass bottles, but few aluminum cans, with plasticcontainers.(他因解釋,就是因為生产厂家都用所料来代替glass了) (D) The total weight of glass bottles purchased by households increased at a slightly faster rate than the total weight of aluminum cans. (E) In many areas, glass bottles had to be sorted by color of the glass before being recycled, whereas aluminum cans required no sorting.
37. (32356-!-item-!-188;#058&006101)
Capuchin monkeys in Venezuela often rub a certain type of millipede into their fur. Secretions of these millipedes have been shown to contain two chemicals that are potent mosquito repellents, and mosquitoes carry parasites that debilitate the capuchins. The rubbing behavior is rare except during the rainy season, when mosquito populations are at their peak. Therefore, the monkeys probably rub the millipedes into their fur because doing so helps protect them against mosquitoes.
逻辑见图:mosquito populations are at their peak during rainy season+ these millipedes have been shown to contain two chemicals that are potent mosquito repellents+rubbing with millipedes behavior is more during the rainy season-----rubbing behavior helps protect them against mosquitoes
Which of the following would it be most useful to determine in order to evaluate the argument?
(A) Whether the two chemicals provide any protection for the millipedes against their own predators (B) Whether the type of millipede used by the capuchin monkeys in Venezuela is found in other parts of the world (C) Whether animals other than capuchins rub insects of any kind into their fur (D) Whether the only time the millipedes are readily available to the capuchins is during the rainy season(找一下是否有他因,如果M只存在于雨季,那么抓他不一定是因為他防蚊) (E) Whether secretions of any other insects accessible to the capuchins contain chemicals that repel mosquitoes(感觉E是从分泌物的方面来评估。取两个极端的话,好像也能解释通)
49. An overly centralized economy, not the changes in the climate, is responsible for the poor agricultural production in Country X since its new government came to power. Neighboring Country Y has experienced the same climatic conditions, but while agricultural production has been falling in Country X, it has been rising in Country Y.
X Y have different economy and same climate, the agriculture in X falls and in Y improves-----the centralized economy is the course.
Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the argument above?
(A) Industrial production also is declining in Country X. (B) Whereas Country Y is landlocked, Country X has a major seaport.(地理位置不算一个他因嘛) (C) Both Country X and Country Y have been experiencing drought conditions. (D) The crops that have always been grown in Country X are different from those that have always been grown in Country Y.(他因,因为植物本身就不同) (E) Country X's new government instituted a centralized economy with the intention of ensuring an equitable distribution of goods.
[此贴子已经被作者于2008-10-14 17:10:36编辑过] |