请教GWD-31-Q20-Q23 查询过以前的讨论没有结果

summertime09 · 发表于 2010-5-3 23:59:39

GWD-31-Q20-Q23　关于直立行走

Anthropologists once thought that the ancestors of modern humans began to walk upright because it freed their hands to use stone tools, which they had begun to make as the species evolved a brain of increased size and mental capacity. But discoveries of the three-million-year　old fossilized remains of our hominid ancestor Australopithecus have yielded substantial anatomical evidence that upright walking appeared prior to the dramatic enlargement of the brain and the development of stone tools.
Walking on two legs in an upright posture (bipedal locomotion) is a less efficient proposition than walking on all fours (quadrupedal locomotion) because several muscle groups that the quadruped uses for propulsion must instead to provide the biped with stability and control. The shape and configuration of various bones must likewise be modified to allow the muscles to perform these functions in upright walking. Reconstruction of the pelvis (hipbones) and femur (thighbone) of “Lucy”, a three-million-year-old skeleton that is the most complete fossilized skeleton from the australopithecine era, has shown that they are much more like the corresponding bones of the modern human than like those of the most closely related living primate, the quadrupedal chimpanzee. Lucy’s wide, shallow pelvis is actually better suited to bipedal walking than is the rounder, bowl-like pelvis of the modern human, which evolved to form the larger birth canal needed to accommodate the head of a large-brained human infant. By contrast, the head of Lucy’s baby could have been no larger than that of a baby chimpanzee.
If the small-brained australopithecines were not toolmakers, what evolutionary advantage did they gain by walking upright? One theory is that bipedality evolved in conjunction with the nuclear family: monogamous parents cooperating to care for their offspring. Walking upright permitted the father to use his hands to gather food and carry it to his mate from a distance, allowing the mother to devote more time and energy to nurturing and protecting their children. According to this view, the transition to bipedal walking may have occurred as long as ten million years ago, at the time of the earliest hominids, making it a crucial initiating event in human evolution.

20: The passage suggests that proponents of the theory mentioned in lines 50-54 (One theory is … offspring) assume that which of the following steps in human evolution occurred most recently?
A.development of a nuclear family structure
B.transition from walking on all fours to walking upright
C.dramatic enlargement of the brain
D.use of the hands to gather and carry food
E.modification of propulsive muscles to provide stability and control in locomotion

正确答案：Ｃ
我选了Ｄ　

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21: The passage suggests that, in comparison with the hominid australopithecines, modern humans are
A.less well adapted to large group cooperation
B.less well adapted to walking upright
C.more agile in running and climbing
D.more well suited to a nuclear family structure
E.more well suited to cooperative caring for their offspring

正确答案：Ｂ
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22: According to the passage, the hominid australopithecine most closely resembled a modern human with respect to which of the following characteristics?
A.brain size
B.tool making ability
C.shape of the pelvis
D.method of locomotion
E.preference for certain foods

正确答案：Ｄ
我选了Ｃ　
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23: The primary purpose of the passage is to
A.present an interpretation of the chronological relationship between bipedal locomotion and certain other key aspects of human evolution
B.compare the evolutionary advantages and disadvantages of bipedal locomotion to those of quadrupedal locomotion
C.argue that the transition to a nuclear family structure was a more crucial step in human evolution than was the development of stone tools
D.analyze anatomical evidence of bipedal locomotion to show that the large brain of modern humans developed at a later stage of evolution than was previously believed
E.use examples of muscle and bone structure to illustrate the evolutionary differences between modern humans, australopithecines, and chimpanzees
正确答案：Ａ

希望ＮＮ指教～

Tsmcc · 发表于 2010-5-6 10:30:00

20題是問下面哪一種進化是最後發生的，文章所支持的觀點是nuclear family導致bipedal locomotion，而enlargement of the brain則是發生在bipedal locomotion之後，意思就是先有兩足動物，之後才是大腦的enlargement，A,B,D,E都是關於進化為兩足動物的，D中use of the hands to gather and carry food也是由於nuclear family的形成（Walking upright permitted the father to use his hands to gather food and carry it to his mate from a distance—），先于大腦的擴張進化。

22題我開始也是選的C，那是因為忽略了這句話 Lucy’s wide, shallow pelvis is actually better suited to bipedal walking than is the rounder, bowl-like pelvis of the modern human，而 australopithecine 和 modern humans 都是兩足行動動物，這樣就很好選了。

summertime09 · 发表于 2010-5-6 12:44:08

嗯~大致明白了~我再想想~谢谢Tsmcc~

Bridess · 发表于 2012-10-12 12:18:51

20題是問下面哪一種進化是最後發生的，文章所支持的觀點是nuclear family導致bipedal locomotion，而enlargement of the brain則是發生在bipedal locomotion之後，意思就是先有兩足動物，之後才是大腦的enlargement，A,B,D,E都是關於進化為兩足動物的，D中use of the hands to gather and carry food也是由於nuclear family的形成（Walking upright permitted the father to use his hands to gather food and carry it to his mate from a distance—），先于大腦的擴張進化。

22題我開始也是選的C，那是因為忽略了這句話 Lucy’s wide, shallow pelvis is actually better suited to bipedal walking than is the rounder, bowl-like pelvis of the modern human，而 australopithecine 和 modern humans 都是兩足行動動物，這樣就很好選了。

-- by 会员 Tsmcc (2010/5/6 10:30:00)

请教GWD-31-Q20-Q23 查询过以前的讨论没有结果

灰常谢谢~~但22题还是有点不懂

所属分类: GMAT考试

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